Table 4. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for detected drug resistance mutation profiles in smears with interpretable results for all target gene segments, stratified by countrya.
| Mutation Based Drug Resistance Profile | Ghana | Kenya | Uganda | Zambia | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | Prevalence (%) | 95% CI | |
| Mono-resistance | ||||||||||
| RIF only | 1/264 (0.38) | 0.01, 2.09 | 10/434 (2.30) | 1.11, 4.20 | 6/127 (4.72) | 1.75, 10.00 | 0/45 (0.00) | 0.00, 7.87 | 17/870 (1.95) | 1.14, 3.11 |
| INH only | 14/264 (5.30) | 2.93, 8.74 | 0/434 | 0.00, 0.85 | 6/127 (4.72) | 1.75, 10.00 | 2/45 (4.44) | 0.54, 15.15 | 22/870 (2.53) | 1.59, 3.80 |
| SM only | 9/264 (3.41) | 1.57, 6.37 | 2/434 (0.46) | 0.06, 1.66 | 0/127 (0.00) | 0.00, 2.86 | 0/45 (0.00) | 0.00, 7.87 | 11/870 (1.26) | 0.63, 2.25 |
| PZA only | 0/264 (0.00) | 0.00, 1.39 | 0/434 (0.00) | 0.00, 0.85 | 0/127 (0.00) | 0.00, 2.86 | 1/45 (2.22) | 0.06, 11.77 | 1/870 (0.11) | 0.00, 0.64 |
| Multi-drug Resistance | ||||||||||
| RIF and INH | 4/264 (1.52) | 0.41, 3.83 | 0/434 (0.00) | 0.00, 0.85 | 1/127 (0.79) | 0.02, 4.31 | 3/45 (6.67) | 1.40, 18.27 | 8/870 (0.92) | 0.40, 1.80 |
| RIF, INH, and one or more of the following: EMB, SM, PZA | 3/264 (1.14) | 0.23, 3.28 | 1/434 (0.23) | 0.01, 1.28 | 3/127 (2.36) | 0.49, 6.75 | 1/45 (2.22) | 0.06, 11.77 | 8/870 (0.92) | 0.40, 1.80 |
| Poly-resistance | ||||||||||
| Two or more of the following: INH, SM, EMB, PZA | 6/264 (2.27) | 0.84, 4.88 | 0/434 (0.00) | 0.00, 0.85 | 3/127 (2.36) | 0.49, 6.75 | 1/45 (2.22) | 0.06, 11.77 | 10/870 (1.15) | 0.55, 2.10 |
| FQ, MXF, and OFL | 1/264 (0.38) | 0.01, 2.09 | 0/434 (0.00) | 0.00, 0.85 | 0/127 (0.00) | 0.00, 2.86 | 0/45 (0.00) | 0.00, 7.87 | 1/870 (0.11) | 0.00, 0.64 |
| INH, EMB, SM, PZA, FQ, MXF, OFL | 0/264 (0.00) | 0.00, 1.39 | 10/434 (2.30) | 1.11, 4.20 | 0/127 (0.00) | 0.00, 2.86 | 0/45 (0.00) | 0.00, 7.87 | 10/870 (1.15) | 0.55, 2.10 |
| Total | 38/264 (14.39) | 10.39, 19.22 | 23/434 (5.30) | 3.99, 7.85 | 19/127 (14.96) | 9.25, 22.37 | 8/45 (17.78) | 8.00, 32.05 | 88/870 (10.11) | 8.19, 12.31 |
aAbbreviations: RIF = rifampicin; INH = isoniazid; SM = streptomycin; PZA = pyrazinamide; EMB = ethambutol; FQ = fluoroquinolone; MXF = moxifloxacin; OFL = ofloxacin; CI = confidence interval.