Table 5. DNN model performance using independent cancer samples (GEO).
| CANCER ORIGIN | SPECIFICITY | SENSITIVITY (RECALL) | PPV (PRECISION) | NPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADRENAL GLAND | 1.0000 | 0.7778 | 1.0000 | 0.9929 |
| BLADDER | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
| BREAST | 0.9963 | 0.9714 | 0.9444 | 0.9982 |
| COLORECTAL | 1.0000 | 0.9643 | 1.0000 | 0.9915 |
| HEAD AND NECK | 1.0000 | 0.8333 | 1.0000 | 0.9983 |
| KIDNEY | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
| LIVER | 0.9945 | 1.0000 | 0.9250 | 1.0000 |
| PANCREAS | 1.0000 | 0.8084 | 1.0000 | 0.9283 |
| PROSTATE | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
| THYROID | 1.0000 | 0.9878 | 1.0000 | 0.9980 |
| OVERALL | 0.9991 | 0.9343 | 0.9869 | 0.9907 |
PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value.