Table 2.
Impact of EQW on all-cause hospitalizations and total costs, including study medication costs, by subgroup
| Subgroups | Patients (n) | All-cause hospitalizations | Total U.S. costs | Total U.K. costs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relative rate ratio (95% CI) | P value* | P value† | Relative rate ratio (95% CI) | P value* | P value† | Relative rate ratio (95% CI) | P value* | P value† | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| <65 | 8,813 | 1.02 (0.94–1.12) | 0.59 | 0.76 | 1.44 (1.38–1.50) | <0.01 | 0.01 | 1.22 (1.14–1.31) | <0.01 | 0.27 |
| ≥65 | 5,939 | 0.92 (0.84–0.99) | 0.04 | 1.33 (1.27–1.40) | <0.01 | 1.13 (1.05–1.22) | <0.01 | |||
| <75 | 13,502 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.32 | 1.41 (1.36–1.45) | <0.01 | 1.20 (1.13–1.26) | <0.01 | |||
| ≥75 | 1,250 | 0.99 (0.85–1.16) | 0.90 | 1.28 (1.15–1.42) | <0.01 | 1.06 (0.91–1.22) | 0.46 | |||
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Male | 9,149 | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.49 | 0.89 | 1.38 (1.33–1.43) | <0.01 | 0.36 | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) | <0.01 | 0.58 |
| Female | 5,603 | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.53 | 1.42 (1.35–1.50) | <0.01 | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | <0.01 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| <30 | 5,363 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 0.27 | 0.74 | 1.45 (1.38–1.53) | <0.01 | 0.02 | 1.18 (1.08–1.29) | <0.01 | 0.97 |
| ≥30 | 9,239 | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | 0.55 | 1.36 (1.31–1.42) | <0.01 | 1.18 (1.10–1.26) | <0.01 | |||
| Duration of diabetes (years) | ||||||||||
| <5 | 2,012 | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.01 | 0.85 | 1.45 (1.31–1.60) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 0.76 | 0.59 |
| 5 to <15 | 7,266 | 1.02 (0.93–1.11) | 0.67 | 1.47 (1.41–1.53) | <0.01 | 1.24 (1.15–1.33) | <0.01 | |||
| ≥15 | 5,421 | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.50 | 1.30 (1.24–1.37) | <0.01 | 1.15 (1.07–1.25) | <0.01 | |||
| Congestive heart failure | ||||||||||
| Yes | 2,389 | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 0.50 | 0.26 | 1.40 (1.30–1.51) | <0.01 | 0.67 | 1.23 (1.09–1.38) | <0.01 | 0.64 |
| No | 12,362 | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 0.19 | 1.40 (1.36–1.45) | <0.01 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | <0.01 | |||
| Insulin use at baseline | ||||||||||
| Yes | 6,836 | 0.96 (0.89–1.05) | 0.38 | 0.77 | 1.28 (1.23–1.33) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| No | 7,916 | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.65 | 1.60 (1.52–1.67) | <0.01 | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | <0.01 | |||
| Geographic region | ||||||||||
| Europe | 6,788 | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 0.09 | 0.12 | 1.42 (1.35–1.48) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 1.20 (1.12–1.30) | <0.01 | 0.16 |
| North America | 3,708 | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 0.86 | 1.25 (1.18–1.33) | <0.01 | 1.12 (1.01–1.23) | 0.03 | |||
| Latin America | 2,727 | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) | 0.39 | 1.46 (1.34–1.59) | <0.01 | 1.11 (0.96–1.28) | 0.15 | |||
| Asia Pacific | 1,529 | 1.20 (0.99–1.45) | 0.06 | 1.55 (1.43–1.69) | <0.01 | 1.36 (1.19–1.55) | <0.01 | |||
| History of CV event | ||||||||||
| Yes | 10,782 | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 0.13 | 0.15 | 1.36 (1.31–1.41) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| No | 3,970 | 1.07 (0.93–1.22) | 0.36 | 1.54 (1.45–1.64) | <0.01 | 1.34 (1.21–1.50) | <0.01 | |||
CV, cardiovascular.
*
P values for treatment assignment for each subgroup.
†
P values for interactions between treatment arm and continuous measurement for age, BMI, and duration of diabetes, and between treatment arm and categorical subgroup for sex, history of heart failure, insulin therapy at baseline, and geographic region.