Table 1.
Demographics and biophysical variables of T2DM and control subjects
|
Variables |
T2DM n = 28 Median(IQR) |
Controls n = 47 Median(IQR) |
P values |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.1(51.2–61.4) | 55.0(52.3–60.3) | 0.67 |
| Sex [male] (%) | 11 (39%) | 29 (62%) | 0.06 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6(24.9–33.7) | 25.8(24.1–27.7) | 0.004* |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 123.5(113.3–132.8) | 119.0(110.0–129.0) | 0.26 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 72.0(68.3–81.5) | 77.0(70.0–85.0) | 0.22 |
| Duration of T2DM (years, mean ± SD) | 10.2±7.4 | - | - |
| Smoking | None | - | - |
| Exercise (≥ 3 days/week) | 22 (78.6%) | - | - |
| Physical activity ≥ 30 min per day (≥ 5 days/week) |
7 (25%) | - | - |
| Fruits and Vegetables 5 or more servings per day (≥ 5 days/week) | 15 (53.6%) | - | - |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.1(6.3–8.3) | - | - |
| MoCA (total scores) | 25.0 (23.3–27) | 27.0 (26.0–29.0) | 0.006* |
| Prefrontal cortices gray matter density, Left (mm3/voxel, mean ± SD)† | 0.41±0.02 | 0.44±0.02 | <0.001* |
| Prefrontal cortices gray matter density, Right (mm3/voxel, mean ± SD)† | 0.41±0.03 | 0.45±0.02 | <0.001* |
IQR = interquartile range; BMI = body mass index; SD = standard deviation; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; MoCA= Montreal Cognitive Assessment
†
Prefrontal cortices gray matter density corrected for age and sex
*
indicates statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05)