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. 2020 May 8;3:224. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-0959-4

Fig. 2. Fractionation and identification of GmHAK-influenced components in Spodoptera litura OS.

Fig. 2

a The first round of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of S. litura OS showed three major fractions (FrA, FrB, and FrC) ranging in molecular size from 100 to 1800 Da (left). FrA was subjected to the second-round SEC ranging in molecular size from 1500 to 20,000 Da, resulting in 14 peaks that were grouped into three fractions (Frα, Frβ, and Frγ) (right). b Transcript level of PDF1.2 in leaves of vector control (VC) and GmHAK-expressing lines (H1 and H2) of Arabidopsis plants at 24 h after mechanical damage (MD) with application of MES buffer or each OS fraction. All the individual data points are shown with the means and standard errors (n = 4–6). Data marked with an asterisk are significantly different from those of VC, based on an ANOVA with Holm’s sequential Bonferroni post hoc test (**0.001 ≤ P < 0.01; *0.01 ≤ P < 0.05). c Total ion chromatogram of GC-MS for monosaccharide determination analysis of Frα. d Total ion chromatogram of GC-MS for monosaccharide branching points determination analysis of Frα. The peaks marked with numbers indicate the acetylated methyl glycoside derivatives. Their fragmentation patterns are shown in Supplementary Fig. 6.