Table 3. The pooled effect of risk factors associated with PJI.
| Risk factors | No. studies | Test of relationship | Test of heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | P value | I2, % | P value | |||
| Male vs. female | 5 | 1.649 (0.987, 2.755) | 0.056 | 84.7 | <0.001 | |
| ASA score (≥3 vs. <3) | 3 | 2.287 (1.650, 3.170) | <0.001 | 0 | 0.815 | |
| THA vs. TKA | 2 | 1.489 (1.343, 1.651) | <0.001 | 26.2 | 0.244 | |
| Lung disease | 3 | 1.484 (1.208, 1.823) | <0.001 | 23.5 | 0.271 | |
| Diabetes | 3 | 1.695 (1.071, 2.685) | 0.024 | 66.9 | 0.049 | |
| Hypertension | 2 | 0.980 (0.502, 1.916) | 0.954 | 50.5 | 0.155 | |
PJI, periprosthetic joint infection; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; THA, total hip arthroplasty; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.