Table 1. Comparison of demographic and clinicopathological variables between the two groups according to the types of anesthesia before and after propensity score matching.
| Variables | Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anesthesia | All | P value‡ | Anesthesia | All | P value‡ | ||||
| EGA (n=97) | GA (n=499) | EGA (n=97) | GA (n=97) | ||||||
| Sex | 0.008 | 0.208 | |||||||
| Female | 16 (16.5) | 140 (28.1) | 156 (26.2) | 16 (16.5) | 10 (10.3) | 26 (13.4) | |||
| Male | 81 (83.5) | 359 (71.9) | 440 (73.8) | 81 (83.5) | 87 (89.7) | 168 (86.6) | |||
| Age, years | 0.224 | 0.110 | |||||||
| <65 | 65 (67.0) | 366 (73.3) | 431 (72.3) | 65 (67.0) | 75(77.3) | 140 (72.2) | |||
| ≥65 | 32 (33.0) | 133 (26.7) | 165 (27.7) | 32 (33.0) | 22 (22.7) | 54 (27.8) | |||
| Tumor size, cm | 0.622 | 0.349 | |||||||
| ≤5 | 65 (67.0) | 347 (69.5) | 412 (69.1) | 65 (67.0) | 71 (73.2) | 136 (70.1) | |||
| >5 | 32 (33.0) | 152 (30.5) | 184 (30.9) | 32 (33.0) | 26 (26.8) | 58 (29.9) | |||
| Histologic grade | 0.686 | 0.832 | |||||||
| Grade I | 5 (5.2) | 40 (8.0) | 45 (7.6) | 5 (5.2) | 8 (8.2) | 13 (6.7) | |||
| Grade II | 35 (36.1) | 153 (30.7) | 188 (31.5) | 35 (36.1) | 28 (28.9) | 63 (32.5) | |||
| Grade III | 54 (55.7) | 273 (54.7) | 327 (54.9) | 54 (55.7) | 57 (58.8) | 111 (57.2) | |||
| Grade IV | 3 (3.1) | 33 (6.6) | 36 (6.0) | 3 (3.1) | 4 (4.1) | 7 (3.6) | |||
| pT stage | 0.201 | 0.203 | |||||||
| pT1 | 15 (15.5) | 75 (15.0) | 90 (15.1) | 15 (15.5) | 26 (26.8) | 41 (21.1) | |||
| pT2 | 32 (33.0) | 111 (22.2) | 143 (24.0) | 32 (33.0) | 26 (26.8) | 58 (29.9) | |||
| pT3 | 26 (26.8) | 175 (35.1) | 201 (33.7) | 26 (26.8) | 24 (24.7) | 50 (25.8) | |||
| pT4 | 24 (24.7) | 138 (27.7) | 162 (27.2) | 24 (24.7) | 21 (21.6) | 45 (23.2) | |||
| pN stage | 0.471 | 0.103 | |||||||
| pN0 | 40 (41.2) | 233 (46.7) | 273 (45.8) | 40 (41.2) | 35 (36.1) | 75 (38.7) | |||
| pN1 | 24 (24.7) | 105 (21.0) | 129 (21.6) | 24 (24.7) | 18 (18.6) | 42 (21.6) | |||
| pN2 | 20 (20.6) | 101 (20.2) | 121 (20.3) | 20 (20.6) | 21 (21.6) | 41(21.1) | |||
| pN3 | 13 (13.4) | 60 (12.0) | 73 (12.2) | 13 (13.4) | 23 (23.7) | 36 (18.6) | |||
| Gastrectomy | 0.102 | 0.409 | |||||||
| Total | 4 (4.1) | 40 (8.0) | 44 (7.4) | 4 (4.1) | 2 (2.1) | 6 (3.1) | |||
| Subtotal | 93 (95.9) | 459 (92.0) | 552 (92.6) | 93 (95.9) | 95 (97.8) | 188 (96.9) | |||
| Lymphadenectomy | 0.843 | 0.507 | |||||||
| D2 | 51 (52.6) | 262 (52.5) | 313 (52.5) | 51 (52.6) | 49 (50.5) | 100 (51.5) | |||
| D2+ | 25 (25.8) | 138 (27.7) | 163 (27.3) | 25 (25.8) | 36 (37.1) | 61 (31.4) | |||
| D3 | 21 (21.6) | 99 (19.8) | 120 (20.1) | 21 (21.6) | 12 (12.4) | 33 (17.0) | |||
| Number of LNs retrieved | 0.998 | 0.775 | |||||||
| Adequate, n≥16 | 49 (50.5) | 252 (50.5) | 301 (50.5) | 49 (50.5) | 47 (48.5) | 96 (49.5) | |||
| Inadequate, n<16 | 48 (49.5) | 247 (49.5) | 295 (49.5) | 48 (49.5) | 50 (51.5) | 98(50.5) | |||
| Reconstruction type | 0.169 | 0.170 | |||||||
| Billroth I | 83 (85.6) | 403 (80.8) | 486 (81.5) | 83 (85.6) | 88 (90.7) | 171 (88.1) | |||
| Billroth II | 12 (12.4) | 76 (15.2) | 88 (14.8) | 12 (12.4) | 9 (9.3) | 21 (10.8) | |||
| Roux-Y | 2 (2.1) | 20 (4.0) | 22 (3.7) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | |||
| Chemotherapy | 0.709 | 0.269 | |||||||
| No | 83 (85.6) | 434 (87.0) | 517 (86.7) | 83 (85.6) | 88 (90.7) | 171 (88.1) | |||
| Yes | 14 (14.4) | 65 (13.0) | 79 (13.3) | 14 (14.4) | 9 (9.3) | 23 (11.9) | |||
| Complications† | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| Absent | 96 (99.0) | 456 (91.4) | 552 (92.6) | 96 (99.0) | 61 (62.9) | 157 (80.9) | |||
| Present | 1 (1.0) | 43 (8.6) | 44 (7.4) | 1 (1.0) | 36 (37.1) | 37 (19.1) | |||
| Blood loss, mL | 0.005 | 0.058 | |||||||
| ≤200 | 63 (64.9) | 247 (49.5) | 310 (52.0) | 63 (34.9) | 75 (77.3) | 138 (71.1) | |||
| >200 | 34 (35.1) | 252 (50.5) | 286 (48.0) | 34 (35.1) | 22 (22.7) | 56 (28.9) | |||
| Lymphatic vessel invasion | 0.415 | 0.108 | |||||||
| Negative | 82 (84.5) | 437 (87.6) | 519 (87.1) | 82 (84.5) | 73 (75.3) | 155 (79.9) | |||
| Positive | 15 (15.5) | 62 (12.4) | 77 (12.9) | 15 (15.5) | 24 (24.7) | 39 (20.1) | |||
| Locoregional recurrence | 0.514 | 0.701 | |||||||
| Absent | 82 (84.5) | 408 (81.8) | 490 (82.2) | 82 (84.5) | 80 (82.5) | 162 (83.5) | |||
| Present | 15 (15.5) | 91 (18.2) | 106 (17.8) | 15 (15.5) | 17 (17.5) | 32 (16.5) | |||
| Distant metastasis | 0.683 | 0.433 | |||||||
| Absent | 71 (73.2) | 355 (71.1) | 426 (71.5) | 71 (73.2) | 66 (68.0) | 137 (70.6) | |||
| Present | 26 (26.8) | 144 (28.9) | 170 (28.5) | 26 (26.8) | 31 (32.0) | 57 (29.4) | |||
†, including urinary infection/retention, delayed gastric emptying, intestinal obstruction/ileus, pneumonia, abdominal infection/abscess, wound infection/dehiscence, subphrenic infection/abscess, dumping syndrome, anastomotic fistula, postoperative hemorrhage, pancreatic fistula, and cholecystitis. ‡, P values were calculated by the χ2-test. The P value for significance was <0.05. EGA, epidural plus general anesthesia; GA, general anesthesia; LNs, lymph nodes.