Table 5. Cox model with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of heart failure associated with gout and covariates among women.
| Variable | Women age <50 yrs | Women age ≥50 yrs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude, HR (95% CI) | Adjusted†, HR (95% CI) | Crude, HR (95% CI) | Adjusted†, HR (95% CI) | ||
| Gout | 4.31 (2.94, 6.33)*** | 1.82 (1.15, 2.87)* | 1.96 (1.79, 2.14)*** | 1.56 (1.42, 1.72)*** | |
| Age, years | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13)*** | 1.04 (1.01, 1 .08)* | 1.08 (1.07, 1.08)*** | 1.06 (1.06, 1.07)*** | |
| Baseline comorbidities (yes vs. no) | |||||
| Diabetes | 7.58 (4.91, 11.7)*** | 2.95 (1.84, 4.72)*** | 1.81 (1.62, 2.02)*** | 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)*** | |
| Hypertension | 7.72 (5.38, 11.1)*** | 3.47 (2.26, 5.32)*** | 3.15 (2.83, 3.50)*** | 1.68 (1.49, 1.89)*** | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4.31 (3.01, 6.18)*** | 1.23 (0.80, 1.88) | 1.41 (1.29, 1.55)*** | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99)* | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.84 (2.33, 6.34)*** | 1.54 (0.91, 2.59) | 2.29 (2.04, 2.56)*** | 1.46 (1.30, 1.64)*** | |
| Stroke | 7.08 (2.25, 22.3)*** | 1.67 (0.51, 5.40) | 2.28 (1.94, 2.69)*** | 1.15 (0.97, 1.36) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases | 1.25 (0.51, 3.07) | 1.99 (1.78, 2.23)*** | 1.21 (1.07, 1.38)** | ||
| Asthma | 3.52 (2.02, 6.15)*** | 2.16 (1.21, 3.86)** | 1.72 (1.50, 1.97)*** | 1.22 (1.05, 1.42)** | |
| Alcohol-related illness | 0.50 (0.25, 0.98)* | 1.12 (0.56, 2.25) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.19) | 1.12 (0.83, 1.50) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 4.78 (3.06, 7.48)*** | 1.46 (0.90, 2.36) | 2.69 (2.45, 2.94)*** | 1.56 (1.41, 1.72)*** | |
| Medication | |||||
| Prednisolone | 1.54 (0.78, 3.05) | 1.27 (1.09, 1.48)** | 0.93 (0.79, 1.08) | ||
| NSAID | 2.10 (1.47, 3.02)*** | 1.09 (0.74, 1.60) | 1.39 (1.26, 1.52)*** | 0.93 (0.85, 1.03) | |
Crude HR, relative hazard ratio; †, variables found to be statistically significant in the univariable model were further tested by the multivariable model. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. NSAID, nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug.