Table 6.
Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Each Cost-Conscious Attitude Item and Burnout
| OR (95% CI) | p value | Overall p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Disagree or strongly disagree w. “It is unfair to ask physicians to be cost-conscious and still keep the welfare of their patients foremost in their minds.” | |||
| Burnout | 1.58 (1.16, 2.14) | 0.003 | |
| Male vs. Female | 0.94 (0.69, 1.29) | 0.70 | |
| Age (for each year older) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.89 | |
| Internal medicine or pediatric subspecialty (vs. primary care) | 0.92 (0.59, 1.41) | 0.69 | 0.94 |
| Other medical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.02 (0.69, 1.49) | 0.93 | |
| Surgical specialty (vs. primary care) | 0.91 (0.60, 1.38) | 0.67 | |
| Hours per week (for each additional hour) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.03 | |
| Nights on call per week (for each additional night) | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) | 0.03 | |
| Academic medical center (vs. private practice) | 1.58 (1.09, 2.27) | 0.02 | 0.17 |
| Active military (vs. private practice) | 0.87 (0.26, 2.97) | 0.83 | |
| Other practice (vs. private practice) | 1.27 (0.87, 1.85) | 0.22 | |
| Veterans hospital (vs. private practice) | 1.27 (0.42, 3.80) | 0.67 | |
| Disagree or strongly disagree w. “Doctors are too busy to worry about the costs of tests and procedures.” | |||
| Burnout | 2.05 (1.48, 2.84) | < 0.0001 | |
| Male vs. female | 1.07 (0.77, 1.49) | 0.70 | |
| Age (for each year older) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.01 | |
| Internal medicine or pediatric subspecialty (vs. primary care) | 1.04 (0.66, 1.65) | 0.86 | 0.75 |
| Other medical specialty (vs. primary care) | 0.99 (0.66, 1.49) | 0.97 | |
| Surgical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.25 (0.80, 1.97) | 0.33 | |
| Hours per week (for each additional hour) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.76 | |
| Nights on call per week (for each additional night) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) | 0.94 | |
| Academic medical center (vs. private practice) | 1.14 (0.77, 1.69) | 0.52 | 0.88 |
| Active military (vs. private practice) | 1.61 (0.40, 6.39) | 0.50 | |
| Other practice (vs. private practice) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.42) | 0.80 | |
| Veterans hospital (vs. private practice) | 1.30 (0.38, 4.42) | 0.68 | |
| Agree or strongly agree “It is my responsibility to try to contain health care costs.” | |||
| Burnout | 1.60 (1.12, 2.28) | 0.01 | |
| Male vs. female | 1.06 (0.73, 1.54) | 0.75 | |
| Age (for each year older) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 0.59 | |
| Internal medicine or pediatric subspecialty (vs. primary care) | 1.32 (0.75, 2.30) | 0.34 | 0.03 |
| Other medical specialty (vs. primary care) | 0.65 (0.42, 1.01) | 0.06 | |
| Surgical specialty (vs. primary care) | 0.70 (0.43, 1.12) | 0.14 | |
| Hours per week (for each additional hour) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.56 | |
| Nights on call per week (for each additional night) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.04) | 0.35 | |
| Academic medical center (vs. private practice) | 1.83 (1.18, 2.84) | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Active military (vs. private practice) | 0.58 (0.17, 2.03) | 0.40 | |
| Other practice (vs. private practice) | 1.59 (1.01, 2.49) | 0.05 | |
| Veterans hospital (vs. private practice) | 5.87 (0.74, 46.4) | 0.09 | |
| Agree or strongly agree with “Cost to society is important in my decisions to use or not to use an intervention.” | |||
| Burnout | 1.02 (0.75, 1.40) | 0.89 | |
| Male vs. female | 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) | 0.83 | |
| Age (for each year older) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.22 | |
| Internal medicine or pediatric subspecialty (vs. primary care) | 0.89 (0.57, 1.39) | 0.60 | 0.91 |
| Other medical specialty (vs. primary care) | 0.94 (0.63, 1.40) | 0.76 | |
| Surgical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.04 (0.68, 1.60) | 0.84 | |
| Hours per week (for each additional hour) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.17 | |
| Nights on call per week (for each additional night) | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) | 0.09 | |
| Academic medical center (vs. private practice) | 1.67 (1.13, 2.45) | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Active military (vs. private practice) | 1.68 (0.43, 6.49) | 0.45 | |
| Other practice (vs. private practice) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.54) | 0.80 | |
| Veterans hospital (vs. private practice) | 0.56 (0.18, 1.72) | 0.31 | |
| Disagree or strongly disagree w. “There is currently too much emphasis on costs of tests and procedures.” | |||
| Burnout | 1.03 (0.76, 1.40) | 0.86 | |
| Male vs. female | 1.17 (0.85, 1.61) | 0.32 | |
| Age (for each year older) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.70 | |
| Internal medicine or pediatric subspecialty (vs. primary care) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.72) | 0.62 | 0.55 |
| Other medical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.33 (0.90, 1.96) | 0.15 | |
| Surgical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.10 (0.73, 1.66) | 0.66 | |
| Hours per week (for each additional hour) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.65 | |
| Nights on call per week (for each additional night) | 0.96 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.29 | |
| Academic medical center (vs. private practice) | 1.47 (1.02, 2.12) | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| Active military (vs. private practice) | 0.46 (0.13, 1.61) | 0.22 | |
| Other practice (vs. private practice) | 1.45 (0.98, 2.13) | 0.06 | |
| Veterans hospital (vs. private practice) | 1.34 (0.43, 4.13) | 0.61 | |
| Disagree/strongly disagree w. “I try not to think about the cost to the health care system when making treatment decisions.” | |||
| Burnout | 1.08 (0.79, 1.47) | 0.63 | |
| Male vs. female | 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) | 0.83 | |
| Age (for each year older) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.52 | |
| Internal medicine or pediatric subspecialty (vs. primary care) | 0.77 (0.49, 1.18) | 0.23 | 0.30 |
| Other medical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.13 (0.76, 1.67) | 0.55 | |
| Surgical specialty (vs. primary care) | 1.12 (0.73, 1.72) | 0.60 | |
| Hours per week (for each additional hour) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.37 | |
| Nights on call per week (for each additional night) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.31 | |
| Academic medical center (vs. private practice) | 1.09 (0.75, 1.59) | 0.66 | 0.04 |
| Active military (vs. private practice) | 0.29 (0.08, 1.02) | 0.05 | |
| Other practice (vs. private practice) | 0.83 (0.56, 1.22) | 0.34 | |
| Veterans hospital (vs. private practice) | 0.28 (0.09, 0.86) | 0.03 | |