Table 4.

Example treatment for the target word overjoyed for each treatment condition.

Activity [visual image]	Dose 4 × Dose Frequency 9	Dose 6 × Dose Frequency 6	Dose 9 × Dose Frequency 4
Pre–book reading [color picture of a girl playing in a park with the printed word “overjoyed” underneath the picture]	Overjoyed means filled with joy; very happy. [definition] Overjoyed is like excited. [synonym]	Overjoyed means filled with joy; very happy. [definition] Overjoyed is like excited. [synonym]	Overjoyed means filled with joy; very happy. [definition] Overjoyed is like excited. [synonym] The little girl was overjoyed to play outside at the park. [context sentence]
Book reading: Imogene's Antlers (Small, 1985) [storybook picture of Imogene and her family looking happy and accompanying printed text with the word “overjoyed” marked with a box]	“When she came down to breakfast, the family was overjoyed to see her back to normal…” (p. 25) [text from book]	“When she came down to breakfast, the family was overjoyed to see her back to normal…” (p. 25) [text from book] Overjoyed is like excited. [synonym]	“When she came down to breakfast, the family was overjoyed to see her back to normal…” (p. 25) [text from book] Overjoyed is like excited. [synonym] Overjoyed means filled with joy; very happy. [definition]
Post–book reading [color picture of a boy getting a puppy for his birthday with the printed word “overjoyed” underneath the picture]	He was overjoyed to get a puppy for his birthday. [context sentence]	He was overjoyed to get a puppy for his birthday. [context sentence] Overjoyed means filled with joy; very happy. [definition]	He was overjoyed to get a puppy for his birthday. [context sentence] Overjoyed is like excited. [synonym] Overjoyed means filled with joy; very happy. [definition]