Table 1.

Consolidated Stark Assessment of Early Vocal Development–Revised (SAEVD-R).

Consolidated SAEVD-R level (Ertmer et al., 2013)	SAEVD-R level (age of onset in typically developing children in months; Nathani et al., 2006)	Examples
Precanonical Syllables	Reflexive (0–2)	Vegetative sounds, crying, quasiresonant nuclei
	Control of phonation (1–4)	Fully resonant nuclei, closant (consonant-like segment), isolated consonant, combination of vowel-like and closant segments
	Expansion (3–8)	Single or series of vowels, ingressive sounds, squeal, vowel glides
Basic Canonical Syllables	Basic Canonical Syllables (5–10)	Single, or a series of consonant–vowel combination with rapid transition, whispered vocalizations
Advanced Forms	Advanced Forms (9–18)	Complex syllables, diphthongs, and jargons with varied intonation pattern