ATF2 and ATF7 are not required for proliferation, expression of stem cell markers, and epithelial differentiation under homeostatic conditions. The experiment was performed as described in Figure 2. (A) Immunohistochemistry for BrdU at 60 days after recombination. Upper panels: colon (scale bars: 25 μm), lower panels: small intestine (scale bars: 100 μm). (B and C) Quantification of BrdU-positive cells per crypt in the (B) colon and (C) small intestine. (D and E) qRT-PCR for transit-amplifying/stem cell markers in the isolated (D) colonic and (E) small intestinal epithelial fraction. (F) Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining 60 days after recombination: upper panels: colon (scale bars: 25 μm), lower panels: small intestine (scale bars: 100 μm). (G and H) Quantification of PAS-positive cells per crypt in the (G) colon and (H) small intestine. (I and J) qRT-PCR for differentiated cell compartment markers in (I) colon and (J) small intestine epithelial fractions. (B–J) n = 10 mice per group. Graph bars show means and SEM. Student t test. rel., relative.