Table 1.
Clinical details of individual GAS PID cases. NR = not reported.
| Reference | Age | Manifestation of PID | Available Cultures | Abnormal Vital Signs | Genitourinary Findings |
Genitourinary Symptoms | Gastrointenstinal Findings |
Gastrointenstinal Symptoms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monif et al. [11] | 29 | Endometritis, salpingitis, peritonitis | Cervical (+), Peritoneal (+), |
Fever, tachycardia | Cervical motion tenderness, bilateral adnexal tenderness, fluid in cul-de-sac | Vaginal discharge | Abdominal tenderness, guarding, rebound | Diarrhea, abdominal pain |
| Goepel et al. [8] | 15 | Salpingitis, peritonitis | Tubal (+) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 69 | ‘erosion of uterine cervix’ | Blood (+),, Cervical (+), Peritoneal (+), | Hypotension | NR | NR | NR | Abdominal pain | |
| Fikrig et al. [6] | 32 | Salpingitis, peritonitis | Blood (+), Vaginal (-) Peritoneal (-), | Fever, tachycardia, tachypnea | Adnexal tenderness, fluid in cul-de-sac | Dysuria, vaginal discharge | Abdominal tenderness, rebound | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain |
| Brown-Harrison et al. [4] | 3 | Salpingitis, peritonitis | Blood (+), Perineal (-), Tubal (+), Peritoneal (+), Pharyngeal (-) | Fever, tachycardia hypotension, | Right pelvic tenderness | NR | Abdominal tenderness, ileus | Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain |
| Garvey et al. [7] | 41 | Salpingitis, peritonitis | Blood (+), Cervical (+) Peritoneal (-) | Fever, tachycardia, hypotension | Cervical motion tenderness, fluid in cul-de-sac | Vaginal discharge, dyspareunia | Abdominal tenderness, guarding | Abdominal pain, rectal discharge |
| Lamb et al. [9] | 47 | Salpingitis | Blood (-), Cervical (+), Endometrial (+), Tubal (+), Throat (+) | Fever | Cervical motion tenderness, uterine tenderness, bilateral adnexal tenderness, copious cervical discharge, fluid in cul-de-sac | NR | Abdominal tenderness, RLQ fluid collection | Abdominal pain |
| Borgia et al. [5] | 36 | ‘PID’ by laparoscopy, peritonitis | Blood (+), Vaginal (+), Peritoneal (+), Pharyngeal (-) |
Fever | Cervical motion tenderness, bilateral adnexal tenderness | NR | Abdominal tenderness, guarding, rebound | Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain |
| Manalo et al. [10] | 26 | Right tuboovarian abscess, left tubo-ovarian abscess perforation, peritonitis | Tubal (+), Peritoneal (+), Throat (-) | Fever, tachypnea | NR | NR | Abdominal tenderness, peritoneal signs | Abdominal pain |
| Saha et al. [12] | 23 | Salpingitis, peritonitis | Blood (+), Vaginal (-), Cervical (-), Peritoneal (-), Throat (-) |
Fever, tachycardia hypotension, | Left adnexal mass on imaging, fluid in cul-de-sac | Vaginal discharge | Abdominal tenderness, guarding, rebound | Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain |
| Verkaeren et al. [13] | 64 | Endometritis | Blood (+), Urine (+), Vaginal (+) | Fever | Endometritis, adenomyosis | Vaginal discharge | NR | Flank pain |
| Paulson et al. [15] | 55 | Necrotizing endometritis & salpingitis, peritonitis | Blood (+), Uterus (+), Cervical (+) | Fever, tachycardia, hypotension | Vaginal edema & erythema, enlarged tender uterus, right adnexal mass, necrotizing infection of bilateral fallopian tubes and uterus | Pelvic pain | Abdominal tenderness | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain |
| Iwata et al. [14] | 66 | Blood (+), Vaginal (+) | Fever, tachypnea hypotension | Cervical motion tenderness, pelvic abscess | NR | Abdominal tenderness, guarding | Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain | |
| This Case 2014 | 23 | Endometritis and salpingitis | Blood (+), Cervical (-) Pharyngeal (-), | Fever, tachycardia hypotension | Left adnexal tenderness, copious cervical discharge, fluid in cul-de-sac | Vaginal discharge | Abdominal tenderness, rebound | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain |