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. 2020 Apr 6;37:100988. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100988

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Maternal HFD enhances adipocyte size and the number of crown-like structures in eWAT. (A) Representative images of a hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained eWAT from O-ND (a, c) and O-HFD (b, d) mice before and after 8 weeks of HFD, respectively. The arrow shows CLS. Scale bar = 50 μm. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam. (B and C) Quantitative analysis of adipocyte size and the number of CLSs. Values represent the mean ± SEM for 4 O-ND and 3 O-HFD mice before HFD, as well as 5 O-ND and 5 O-HFD mice after 8 weeks of HFD. ∗∗P < 0.01 versus O-ND before HFD. ##P < 0.01 versus O-HFD before HFD. ¶¶P < 0.01 versus O-ND after HFD. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam. (D) Quantitative PCR analysis of mRNA expression levels in eWAT. Values represent the mean ± SEM relative to O-ND. Each group consisted of 6–9 O-ND and 8–9 O-HFD samples. ∗P < 0.05 versus O-ND. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam. (E and F) Flow cytometric analysis of F4/80, CD11b, CD206, and CD11c expressions in eWAT from O-ND and O-HFD mice after 8 weeks of HCD. Quantitative analysis shows a significant increase in macrophages and M1-like macrophages in O-HFD mice. Values are mean ± SEM for 7 O-ND and 6 O-HFD mice. ∗P < 0.05 versus O-ND. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam. (G) eWAT concentration of IL-1β after 8 weeks of HCD. Values are the mean ± SEM for 5 O-ND and 5 O-HFD mice before HFD, as well as 5 O-ND and 5 O-HFD mice after 8 weeks of HFD. ∗P < 0.05 versus O-HFD before HFD. #P < 0.05 versus O-ND after HFD. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam.