Membrane pore formation is augmented in BMDMs of O-HFD. (A) Lactate-dehydrogenase- (LDH-) release-based cell death in BMDMs after PA stimulation following LPS priming. Values are the mean ± SE for 5 O-ND and 5 O-HFD mice. ∗∗P < 0.01 versus O-ND stimulated with PA (1 or 2 h). ##P < 0.01 versus O-HFD stimulated with PA (1 or 2 h). LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PA, palmitate; O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam. (B) Representative images of pore formation in BMDMs 2 h after PA stimulation following LPS priming. Hoechst-stained BMDMs (blue) show total cells in each field, and EtBr (red) indicates permeabilized BMDMs. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam. (C) Quantitative analysis of influx of EtBr after PA stimulation following LPS priming. Values are the mean ± SE for 3 O-ND and 3 O-HFD mice. ∗∗P < 0.01 versus O-ND + LPS. ##P < 0.01 versus O-HFD + LPS. ¶P < 0.05 versus O-ND + LPS + PA. ¶¶P < 0.01 versus O-ND + LPS + PA. O-ND, offspring of ND-fed dam; O-HFD, offspring of HFD-fed dam.