Table 2.
Clinical characteristics associated with self-reported presence of urine output (UOP) (Left; ref: absence of UOP) and high frequency of UOP (i.e., >1 time/day) (right; ref: <1 time/day)
| Presence of UOP |
High frequency of UOP |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Case-mixa OR (95% CI) |
Expanded case-mixb OR (95% CI) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Case-mixa OR (95% CI) |
Expanded case-mixb OR (95% CI) |
|
| Age (Δ10 yr) | 1.21 (1.07, 1.37) | 1.18 (1.03, 1.35) | 1.28 (1.10, 1.49) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.09) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.12) |
| Female (vs. male) | 1.05 (0.74, 1.50) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.45) | 1.21 (0.81, 1.81) | 1.17 (0.87, 1.59) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.56) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.83) |
| Race (vs. white) | ||||||
| Black | 0.93 (0.64, 1.36) | 0.62 (0.32, 1.19) | 0.85 (0.41, 1.76) | 1.03 (0.74, 1.43) | 0.73 (0.43, 1.25) | 1.00 (0.56, 1.77) |
| Asian | 1.84 (0.87, 3.90) | 1.27 (0.50, 3.21) | 1.60 (0.58, 4.45) | 2.32 (1.27, 4.25) | 1.68 (0.80, 3.51) | 2.17 (0.97, 4.85) |
| Pacific Islander | 1.94 (0.42, 8.91) | 1.32 (0.26, 6.73) | 1.95 (0.30, 12.65) | 1.18 (0.39, 3.58) | 0.79 (0.24, 2.63) | 0.97 (0.27, 3.51) |
| Alaskan/American Indian | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Other race | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| White (vs. nonwhite) | 0.92 (0.65, 1.31) | 0.73 (0.31, 1.74) | 0.58 (0.22, 1.52) | 0.85 (0.63, 1.16) | 0.81 (0.41, 1.58) | 0.68 (0.33, 1.40) |
| Black (vs. nonblack) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.22) | 0.54 (0.32, 0.92) | 0.66 (0.37, 1.18) | 0.94 (0.68, 1.29) | 0.64 (0.42, 0.98) | 0.79 (0.50, 1.25) |
| Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic) | 0.78 (0.55, 1.11) | 0.54 (0.33, 0.90) | 0.63 (0.36, 1.10) | 0.75 (0.56, 1.02) | 0.55 (0.36, 0.83) | 0.61 (0.40, 0.95) |
| Vintage (vs. < 1 yr) | ||||||
| 1 to <2 yr | 0.15 (0.05, 0.44) | 0.13 (0.04, 0.38) | — | 0.47 (0.28, 0.80) | 0.44 (0.26, 0.75) | — |
| ≥2 yr | 0.05 (0.02, 0.15) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.13) | — | 0.23 (0.15, 0.36) | 0.23 (0.15, 0.35) | — |
| Diabetes (vs. nondiabetes) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.88) | 1.17 (0.80, 1.71) | 0.68 (0.43, 1.06) | 1.26 (0.93, 1.71) | 1.36 (0.97, 1.89) | 1.00 (0.70, 1.43) |
| Serum albumin (Δ0.55 g/dl) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.20) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.29) | 1.06 (0.78, 1.44) | 0.95 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.22) | 1.02 (0.78, 1.32) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (Δ25 IU/l) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 0.91 (0.84, 0.98) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.92 (0.85, 1.00) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03) |
| Calcium (Δ1 mg/dl) | 1.04 (0.79, 1.36) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.36) | 1.28 (0.94, 1.75) | 1.07 (0.85, 1.37) | 1.08 (0.85, 1.38) | 1.29 (0.98, 1.70) |
| Serum creatinine (Δ0.5 mg/dl) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.96) | 0.93 (0.89, 0.97) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.99) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) |
| Ferritin (Δ50 ng/ml) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) |
| Hemoglobin (Δ1 g/dl) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.86 (0.73, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.80, 1.20) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.98) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.98) | 0.89 (0.75, 1.05) |
| Iron saturation (Δ20%) | 0.99 (0.73, 1.34) | 1.03 (0.75, 1.40) | 1.14 (0.80, 1.62) | 0.94 (0.71, 1.23) | 0.96 (0.73, 1.28) | 1.07 (0.79, 1.44) |
| nPCR (Δ0.4g/kg per day) | 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) | 0.83 (0.63, 1.09) | 0.81 (0.59, 1.12) | 0.85 (0.68, 1.08) | 0.82 (0.64, 1.05) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) |
| Phosphorus (Δ1 mg/dl) | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 1.02 (0.90, 1.16) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.10) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) |
| Potassium (Δ1) | 0.56 (0.42, 0.75) | 0.57 (0.42, 0.77) | 0.59 (0.42, 0.83) | 0.70 (0.54, 0.91) | 0.68 (0.52, 0.90) | 0.76 (0.57, 1.01) |
| PTH (Δ25 pg/ml) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) |
| spKt/V (Δ0.4) | 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) | 0.65 (0.51, 0.82) | 0.72 (0.56, 0.94) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.92) | 0.71 (0.57, 0.88) | 0.80 (0.64, 0.99) |
| BMI (Δ5 kg/m2) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.15) | 1.01 (0.87, 1.18) | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.21) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) |
Bold estimates show statistically significant associations.
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; nPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate; OR, odds ratio; PTH, parathyroid hormone.
a
Case-mix is adjusted for age, sex, race (black), ethnicity, and diabetes.
b
Expanded case-mix is adjusted for age, sex, race (black), ethnicity, diabetes, and vintage.