Table 4.

Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to estimate the effect of lifestyle and BMI changes on the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among non-DM group in Kawauchi village (with evacuation) and Ono town (without evacuation)

Correlates	Kawauchi Village	Ono Town
	(n = 210)	(n = 457)
Age	1.04 [0.98–1.11]	1.00 [0.93–1.07]
Gender	1.89 [0.75–4.70]	2.85 [0.88–9.71]
BMI	1.21 [1.06–1.37]	1.29 [1.10–1.51]
dBMI	0.92 [0.72–1.20]	1.72 [1.03–2.86]
Keeping body weight gain > 10 kg compared with weight at 20 years old (%) (Yes = 1, No = 0)	1.70 [0.67–4.71]	1.03 [0.31–3.42]
Keeping body weight gain or loss ≥ 3 kg compared with weight in the last year (%) (Yes = 1, No = 0)	1.09 [0.44–3.05]	0.37 [0.14–1.00]
Currently smoking (%) (Yes = 1, No = 0)	0.94 [0.31–3.26]	0.45 [0.15–1.40]
Drinking everyday (%) (Yes = 1, No = 0)	1.15 [0.45–3.38]	1.01 [0.33–3.10]
Regular exercise: ≥ 30 min/time and ≥ 2 times/week for 1 year or more (%) (Yes = 0, No = 1)	1.00 [0.39–2.48]	5.04 [1.48–17.2]
Walking at least 1 h/day (%) (Yes = 0, No = 1)	0.66 [0.26–1.61]	0.42 [0.12–1.40]
Restful sleep: getting enough rest by sleep (%) (Yes = 0, No = 1)	0.89 [0.40–2.21]	0.32 [0.12–0.90]
Late-night dinners: ≥ 3 times/week (%) (Yes = 1, No = 0)	4.86 [1.26–33.4]	1.79 [0.53–6.03]
Lifestyle change score	1.02 [0.74–1.41]	0.99 [0.65–1.50]

Data are presented as hazard ratio [95% Confidence Interval]. Lifestyle change score was calculated by subtracting the sum of the scores of lifestyle questions in this table in 2010 from the sum of the scores in 2012. BMI change was calculated by subtracting the value in 2010 from the value in 2012

BMI body mass index