Table 3.
The effect of interventions on patients’ satisfaction, beliefs and re-consultation
| Study | Patients’ satisfaction1 | Antibiotic Beliefs2 | Re-consultation3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delayed prescription | |||
| Arroll et al. [34] (delayed vs. immediate) |
Intervention 96% Control 94% OR = 1.47 (CI 0.32 to 6.85) |
Intervention 76% Control 76% OR = 1.02 (CI 0.45 to 2.28) |
Intervention 73% Control 65% OR = 1.50 (CI 0.71 to 3.17) |
| Little et al. [35] (delayed vs. immediate) |
Intervention 93% Control 96% OR = 0.61 (CI 0.25 to 1.49) |
Intervention 60% Control 87% OR = 0.22 (CI 0.13 to 0.36) |
Intervention 57% Control 79% OR = 0.35 (CI 0.22 to 0.55) |
| Little et al. [36] (delayed vs. immediate) |
Intervention 77% Control 91% OR = 0.32 (CI 0.16 to 0.65) |
Intervention 46% Control 76% OR = 0.24 (CI 0.14 to 0.40) |
Intervention 63% Control 83% OR = 0.35 (CI 0.20 to 0.62) |
| Little et al. [37]4 (different variants of delayed prescriptions vs. no antibiotic) |
Delayed re-contact 74% Post-dated 80% Delayed collection 88% Delayed patient-led 89% Likelihood ratio test X2 = 2.38 (P value = 0.67) |
Delayed re-contact 74% Post-dated 73% Delayed collection 72% Delayed patient-led 66% Likelihood ratio test X2 = 1.62 (P value = 0.80) |
Delayed re-contact 18% Post-dated 10% Delayed collection 14% Delayed patient-led 14% Likelihood ratio test X2 = 2.97 (P value = 0.56) |
| Poza Abad5 et al. [39] (delayed collection vs. immediate and delayed patient-led vs. immediate) | P value6 = 0.14 |
Delayed collection 84.4% Immediate 91.8% OR = 0.37 (CI 0.14 to 0.99) Delayed patient-led 81% Immediate 91.8% OR = 0.37 (CI 0.14 to 0.98) |
Delayed collection 69.1% Immediate 85.7% OR = 0.62 (CI 0.19 to 2.06) Delayed patient-led 69.0% Immediate 85.7% OR = 0.35(CI 0.1 to 1.30) |
| Patient/public information and intervention | |||
| Francis et al. [42] (interactive booklet vs. control) |
Intervention 90.2% Control 93.5% OR = 0.64 (CI 0.33 to 1.22) |
Intervention 55.3% Control 76.4% OR = 0.34 (CI 0.20 to 0.57) |
|
| Little et al. [45] (online educational program vs. control) |
Intervention 19.3% Control 19.3% OR = 0.93 (CI 0.73 to 1.16) |
||
1The outcome was reported as “satisfaction with the consultation” in all studies except for Little [36] study, in which it was reported as “satisfaction with the treatment approach”. OR > 1 means more satisfaction in the intervention group compared to the control group. OR < 1 means less satisfaction in the intervention group compared to the control group
2The outcome was belief in the effectiveness of antibiotics for URTIs. OR < 1 means less belief in the effectiveness of antibiotics in the intervention group compared to the control group. OR > 1 means more belief in the effectiveness of antibiotics in the intervention group compared to the control group
3Re-consultation was reported only in Little [37] (within 1 month after the consultation) and Little [45] (within 1 year after enrolment) studies; all other studies reported the intention to re-consult in future. OR < 1 means less re-consultation in the intervention group compared to the control group. OR > 1 means more re-consult in the intervention group compared to the control group
4All intervention groups (different variants of delayed prescriptions) were compared to “no antibiotic”
5The P values are reported to compare the difference between delayed collection, delayed patient-led, immediate prescription, and no prescription
6No more data were available