Table 2.

Inhibition of callose biosynthesis by DDG inhibits somatic embryogenesis and WOX2 gene expression

Days of culture	Type of explant	WT IZE		35S:BBM IZE		35S:BBM seedlings
	Treatment	Control	DDG	Control	DDG	Control	DDG
7	No. of explants	60	60	60	60	66	65
	No. of protrusions/explant	0.9±0.6	0	0.78±0.7	0	0.83±0.7	0
	No. of protrusions expressing WOX2 /explant	0.88±0.7	0	0.75±0.5	0	0.84 ±0.7	0
	No. of somatic embryos/explant	0	0	0	0	0.03±0.2	0
12	No. of explants	50	50	60	60	66	66
	No. of protrusions/explant	2.2±0.8	0.14±0.2	1.8±1	0.1±0.2	1.9±0.9	0.12±0.3
	No. of protrusions expressing WOX2/explant	2.16±0.8	0	1.8±0.8	0.1±0.2	1.63±0.9	0.06±0.2
	No. of somatic embryos/explant	0.9±0.7	0	0.81±0.7	0	1±0.8	0.06±0.2

The data are mean ±SD of three replicates. Note that not all embryogenic protrusions will form embryos and that of the protrusions that make embryos, some will develop more than one embryo. A z-test was used to determine significance between proportions in control and DDG-treated cultures for each parameter measured on a given day of culture within a given explant type, i.e. (i) the number of protrusions in the control versus the DDG treatment, (ii) the number of protrusions expressing WOX2 in the control versus the DDG treatment, and (iii) the number of somatic embryos in the control versus the DDG treatment. The results obtained on day 7 and 12 of the culture and the results in the different explant types were not compared with each other. The control and DDG-treated samples were considered to be statistically significantly different at P<0.05 for all of the indicated comparisons.