Table 1.

Oxygen consumption (nmol O/min/mg). The table reports the coupled respiration rates in both retinal mitochondria‐enriched fractions (0.05 mg total protein) and isolated rod OS (0.05 mg total protein) for all sample, in the presence of TCA cycle intermediates, ie, 20 mmol/L fumarate; 20 mmol/L alpha‐ketoglutarate; 5 mmol/L pyruvate plus 2.5 mmol/L malate; 10 mmol/L citrate; 20 mmol/L beta‐hydroxybutyrate; 0.2 mmol/L NADH; and 20 mmol/L succinate. Data are reported as mean ± SD

	Retinal mitochondria	Rod OS
Fumarate	143 ± 11	250 ± 14
Alpha‐ketoglutarate	137 ± 9	284 ± 27
Pyruvate/malate	248 ± 19	620 ± 48
Citrate	146 ± 11	375 ± 31
beta‐hydroxybutyrate	316 ± 21	334 ± 30
NADH	42 ± 0.8	204 ± 18
Succinate	234 ± 17	540 ± 39

Abbreviations: NADH, reduced β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OS, outer segment; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle.