Table 2.

ATP synthesis (nmol ATP/min/mg). The table reports ATP synthesis by retinal mitochondria‐enriched fractions (5 µg) or rod OS (5 µg) in the presence of TCA cycle intermediates as substrates: ie, 20 mmol/L fumarate; 20 mmol/L alpha‐ketoglutarate; 5 mmol/L pyruvate plus 2.5 mmol/L malate; 10 mmol/L citrate; 20 mmol/L beta‐hydroxybutyrate; 0.2 mmol/L NADH; and 20 mmol/L succinate. Data are reported as mean ± SD

	Retinal mitochondria	Rod OS
Fumarate	114 ± 11	240 ± 17
Alpha‐ketoglutarate	105 ± 9	333 ± 29
Pyruvate/malate	131 ± 13	425 ± 30
Citrate	118 ± 12	321 ± 29
beta‐hydroxybutyrate	142 ± 14	348 ± 31
NADH	5.1 ± 0.3	297 ± 17
Succinate	98 ± 7	363 ± 34

Abbreviation: NADH, reduced β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; OS, outer segment; TCA, tricarboxylic acid cycle.