Table 1.
Demographic, Lifestyle and Clinical Characteristics of Study Subjects by Severities of OSA
| Severity of OSA | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | None | Mild | Moderate | Severe | p | |
| N (%) | 136 | 30 (22.1%) | 33(24.3%) | 31(22.8%) | 42(30.8%) | |
| Age (years) | 49.0 ± 14.0 | 43.6 ± 13.8 | 53.2 ± 15.2 | 48.8 ± 13.5 | 49.7 ± 12.7 | 0.054 |
| Gender | 0.046 | |||||
| Female (n, %) | 46 (33.8%) | 16 (53.3%) | 11 (33.3%) | 10 (32.3%) | 9 (21.4%) | |
| Male (n, %) | 90(66.2%) | 14 (46.7%) | 22 (66.7%) | 21 (67.7%) | 33 (78.6%) | |
| Regular drinking (%) | 43 (31.6%) | 8 (26.7%) | 9 (27.3%) | 12 (38.7%) | 14(33.3%) | 0.704 |
| Current smoking (%) | 54 (39.7%) | 8 (26.7%) | 13 (39.4%) | 16 (51.6%) | 17 (40.5%) | 0.264 |
| T2DM duration (years) | 4.0 (1.0–9.0) | 3.5 (0.8–8.5) | 5.0 (1.5–11.0) | 2.0 (1.0–7.0) | 4.5 (1.8–9.0) | 0.619 |
| WC (cm) | 99.2 ± 11.2 | 94.5 ± 10.3 | 97.8 ± 8.7 | 100.0 ± 11.4 | 102.9 ± 12.3 | 0.013 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 4.4 | 27.7 ± 3.4 | 27.0 ± 3.5 | 28.8 ± 5.3 | 30.1 ± 4.5 | 0.012 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131.6 ± 16.5 | 132.6 ± 15.4 | 128.8 ± 15.7 | 133.9 ± 15.5 | 131.4 ± 18.6 | 0.660 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.2 ± 9.8 | 82.8 ± 10.6 | 78.3 ± 10.0 | 84.1 ± 8.5 | 83.4 ± 9.5 | 0.069 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1.2–2.6) | 1.4 (1.1–2.9) | 1.6 (1.3–2.2) | 1.6 (1.2–2.9) | 1.8 (1.3–3.7) | 0.509 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 4.9 ±1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 5.1± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 0.191 |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.508 |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 0.481 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.6 ± 2.0 | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 10.2 ± 2.1 | 9.5 ± 2.2 | 0.191 |
| AHI (events/h) | 17.8 (5.2–37.2) | 2.9 (1.2–4.3) | 8.8 (5.8–12.1) | 20.7 (18.3–26.3) | 44.1 (38.4–58.2) | <0.001 |
| Season of blood sampling | 0.156 | |||||
| Spring–winter season | 57 (41.9%) | 17 (56.7%) | 10 (30.3%) | 11 (35.5%) | 19 (45.2%) | |
| Summer–autumn season | 79 (58.1%) | 13 (43.8%) | 23 (69.7%) | 20 (64.5%) | 23 (54.8%) | |
| Serum 25(OH)D3 level (ng/mL) | 25.3 ± 10.3 | 21.8 ± 8.8 | 27.7 ± 14.6 | 24.2 ± 9.8 | 26.8 ± 6.2 | 0.086 |
Notes: Values are mean ± SD, median (inter-quartile range) or percentage (column percentage).
Abbreviations: WC, waist circumference; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; 25(OH)D3, 25‐hydroxyvitamin‐D3.