Table 2. DEX studies using explants from human or animal cartilage in models of arthritis.

Summary of DEX concentration, duration of culture, inflammatory cytokines used to model arthritic conditions and observed effect on measurements associated with arthritis progression. APC: activated protein C. + indicates a rescue of arthritis-induced effects, +/= rescue of only some effects and +/− rescue of some effects and worsening of others. Wang et al. (2014) Dexamethasone treatment alters the response of human cartilage explants to inflammatory cytokines and mechanical injury as revealed by discovery proteomics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 25: S381–S382.

Authors	Year	Tissue type	Cytokine treatment	DEX dose	Duration	Observed effect
Li et al.	2015	Human	ng/mL IL-1α	nM	d	+
		Bovine	ng/mL IL-1α	nM	d	+/=
Wang et al.	2014	Human	ng/mL TNFα + 50 ng/mL IL-6	nM	d	+
Lu et al.	2011	Human	ng/mL TNFα ± 50 ng/mL IL-6	nM	d	+
		Bovine	ng/mL TNFα ± 50 ng/mL IL-6	nM	d	+
Busschers et al.	2010	Equine	ng/mL IL-1β	nM-1 μM	h	+/=
Garvican et al.	2010	Equine	ng/mL IL-1 + 10 μg/mL APC	1–100 μM	d	+/−
Saito et al.	1999	Rabbit	ng/mL IL-1α + 100 μg/mL plasminogen	0.1–100 nM	d	+