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Different concentrations of nicotine treatment caused cardiomyocytes hypertrophy significantly. (A) HE staining was performed to detect the cell area after stimulation with nicotine, and quantification was analyzed by Image J software. (Scale bar = 20μm) qPCR was performed to determine the cardiac hypertrophy markers, (B) β-MHC, (C) ANP and (D) BNP. (****, p < 0.0001; ***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05, n = 3).
