Direct in vivo delivery of synthetic nucleic acid-encoded antibodies employing plasmid DNA [plasmid DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (pDNA-mAbs)] and messenger RNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (mRNA-mAbs) platforms represent new approaches for the in vivo delivery of antibody-like biologics.

While there are more preclinical data using pDNA-mAbs, both platforms have made significant progress and are demonstrating promising efficacy in infectious disease and cancer studies in small and large animal models.

These platforms have advantages such as rapid product development and simpler manufacturing processes, yet they represent different strategies for deployment, with unique advantages and challenges.