Staging lethality of gene silencing by fluorescence tracking. Living flies with RNAi–green fluorescent protein dual constructs are shown for six major D. melanogaster developmental stages: L1, first instar larva; L2, second instar larva; L3, third instar larva; EP, early pupa; PH, pharate (late pupa); A, adult. (Right) Genotypes of the flies. (Left) Stage of lethality. N.S., no flies of this genotype survived to this stage.