Table 4. Cytokine levels in the two groups at baseline and at week 12.
| Cytokine, pg/mL | Probiotics (n = 41) | Placebo (n = 41) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 12 | ||
| IL-4 | 0.29 ± 0.26 | 0.25 ± 0.00 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.00 | - |
| IL-5 | 3.90 ± 0.00 | 4.24 ± 1.19 | 3.90 ± 0.00 | 3.90 ± 0.00 | 0.075 |
| IL-6 | 0.66 ± 0.92 | 0.84 ± 1.65 | 0.61 ± 1.70 | 0.72 ± 0.92 | 0.740 |
| IL-10 | 0.95 ± 0.39 | 1.24 ± 1.62 | 1.45 ± 2.23 | 1.59 ± 2.21 | 0.369 |
| IL-13 | 128.96 ± 24.57 | 138.86 ± 71.34 | 125.22 ± 1.40 | 125.55 ± 3.52 | 0.303 |
| IL-17 | 0.43 ± 1.35 | 0.49 ± 0.75 | 0.27 ± 0.76 | 0.38 ± 0.96 | 0.600 |
| IFN-γ | 16.32 ± 4.18 | 18.58 ± 12.24 | 15.60 ± 0.00 | 15.88 ± 1.29 | 0.366 |
| TGF-β | 166,434 ± 36,403 | 153,283 ± 41,393 | 179,179 ± 36,227 | 159,816 ± 34,250 | 0.750 |
Data are expressed as means ± standard deviation.
IL = interleukin, IFN-γ = interferon-gamma, TGF-β = transforming growth factor-beta.
Compared between groups; P value by analysis of covariance adjusted by baseline.