Table 4.

Summary of studies which assessed association between miRNAs and ACE proteins.

miRNA	Disease	Samples	Function	Reference
let-7b	Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH)	let-7b−/− rat	HIF-1α-dependent hypoxia stimulated let-7b inhibited ACE2 expression via the HIF-1α-let-7b-ACE2 axis and contributed to the HPH	[86]
miR-421	Cardiovascular disease (CVD)	Primary cardiac myofibroblasts	miR-421 down-regulates ACE2 expression.	[14]
	Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)	Circulating leukocytes	A significant, inverse correlation between circulating miR-421serum level and the ACE2 expression in leucocytic was shown. Also, ACE2 upregulation following Anti-miR-421 treatment was reported	[87]
miR-1246	acute lung injury (ALI)	LPS-exposed pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs)	miR-1246 meditates LPS-induced pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis in vitro and ALI in mouse models, by targeting ACE2.	[88]
miR-200c-3p	Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	HEK293T cells	Avian influenza virus H5N1 induced the miR-200c-3p upregulation via an NF-κB dependent manner to reduce ACE2 levels and cause lung injury	[13]
miR-483-3p	Vascular diseases	human embryonic kidney (HEK-293)	miR-483-3p target 3′-UTRs of AGT, ACE-1, ACE-2 and AT2R	[89]
miR-4262	acute lung injury (ALI)	bleomycin-induced ALI mouse	ACE2-induced suppression of miR-4262, which lead to Bcl-2 protein upregulation, decreased the ALI severity by inhibiting the apoptosis of PECs	[90]