Table 1.
A statistical description of the reports (N = 42) including number of patients, paper origin demographic features of the patients including age, BMI, the duration of follow-up, and operative fixation used.
| Author, Year, Country | No. of Participants | No. of Feet | No. Diabetic | Age | Age Range | BMI | Mean F/U (Months) | Fixation Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papa et al., 1993, USA | 29 | 29 | 29 | 56 | 28–72 | Nr | 42 (14–68) | IMN 25 Ex Fix 4 |
| Early et al., 1996, USA | 18 | 21 | 18 | 58 | (38–72) | Nr | 28 (6–84) | Screw Fusion |
| Pinzur et al., 1997, USA | 20 | 21 | 19 | 56.3 | (28–68) | Nr | 20 (3–31) | IMN |
| Sammarco et al., 1998, USA | 26 | 27 | 21 | 56.9 | (32–72) | Nr | 27.9 (18–51) | Midfoot Fusion Bolt |
| Stone et al., 2000, Canada | 10 | 10 | 10 | 63 | (51−9) | Nr | 24 (12–37) | Plates and Screws, BG |
| Simon et al., 2000, USA | 14 | 14 | 14 | 48.2 | (SD ±9.5) | Nr | 41 (25.3–77.3) | Plates and Screws, BG |
| Farber et al., 2002, USA | 11 | 11 | 10 | 55 | (41–66) | Nr | 24 (12–49) | Ex Fix |
| Rooney et al., 2002, Austrailia | 36 | 43 | 26 | 58 | (33–74) | Nr | 31 (9–120) | Screw Fusion |
| Cooper et al., 2003, USA | 83 | 83 | 83 | 56.6 | Nr | 15 | Ex Fix | |
| Pinzur et al., 2005, USA | 9 | 9 | 9 | 52 | (38–72) | Nr | 32 (30–35) | IMN |
| Caravaggi et al., 2006, Italy | 14 | 14 | 14 | 58 | (SD12) | Nr | 18 (5–20) | IMN |
| Fabrin et al., 2007, Denmark | 11 | 12 | 11 | 61 | (43–71) | Nr | 48 (10–102) | Ex Fix |
| Pinzur et al., 2007, USA | 26 | 26 | 26 | 56.6 | (36-75) | 38.31 ± 12.51 | min 1 year | Ex Fix |
| Paola et al., 2007, Italy | 18 | 18 | 18 | 65 | (SD ±9) | Nr | 14 (5–35) | IMN |
| Hockenbury et al., 2007, USA | 10 | 10 | 9 | 59.3 | (50–69) | Nr | 21 (7–58) | IMN with implantable bone growth stimulator |
| Pinzur et al., 2007, USA | 51 | 51 | 51 | 58 | (SD 9.92) | Nr | 33.22 (SD 21.25) | Plates and Screws |
| Ayoub, 2008, Egypt | 17 | 17 | 17 | 61.6 | (57–69) | Nr | 26 (12–48) | Screw Fusion |
| El-Gafary et al., 2009, Egypt | 20 | 20 | 18 | 30 | (21–50) | Nr | 20 (12–30) | Ex Fix |
| Pinzur et al., 2009, USA | 44 | 46 | 44 | 54.9 | ±10.4 | 38.0 ± 9.7 | 26.2 ± 12.2 | Ex Fix |
| Paola et al., 2009, Italy | 45 | 45 | 45 | 65.3 | (SD ±8.9) | 36.58 (±9.81) | not stated | Ex Fix |
| Assal et al., 2009, Switzerland | 15 | 15 | 15 | 55 | (34–70) | Nr | 42 (24–72) | Plates and Screws |
| Mittlmeier et al., 2009, Germany | 22 | 26 | 22 | 56.2 | (29–73) | Nr | 31 (6–84) | Plates and Screws |
| Sammarco et al., 2009, USA | 22 | 22 | 19 | 59.4 | (45–81) | Nr | 52 (25–137) | Screw Fusion |
| Cinar et al., 2010, Turkey | 4 | 4 | 4 | 63 | (53–70) | Nr | 24 (12–35) | Blade Plate |
| Lamm et al., 2010, USA | 4 | 8 | 11 | 61 | (41–79) | 33.6± 13 | 22 (6/36) | Ex Fix and Screws |
| Grant et al., 2011, USA | 70 | 71 | 69 | 56.1 | (29–78) | 33.1 (21.3–51.2) | 31 (3–92) | 29 medial & Lateral beaming, 18 medial & Lateral beaming & subtalar arthrodesis, 11 medial & lateral column beaming with subtalar fusion, 12 medial column beaming, 1 medial column beaming combined with subtalar arthrodesis |
| DeVries et al., 2012, USA | 52 | 52 | 45 | 59.4 | Nail (38–85) Ex fix (35–65) | IMN 34.1 (18.5–46.6) Ex Fix 35.5 (19.9–54.9) | 24 (0–72.25) | 45 IMN, 7 Ex Fix |
| Pinzur et al., 2012, USA | 73 | 73 | 73 | 57.9 | (31–76) | 36.9 (21.8–60.9) | min 1 year | Ex Fix |
| Caravaggi et al., 2012, Italy | 45 | 45 | 45 | 56 | (SD ±11) | Nr | 63 (SD 2.85) | IMN |
| Pawar et al., 2013, USA | 5 | 5 | 3 | 59 | (46–82) | Nr | 18 (12–24) | IMN |
| Cullen et al., 2013, USA | 4 | 4 | 4 | 57.3 | (47–70) | 34 (31–35) | 18.5 (10–27) | Mid Foot Fusion Bolt |
| Eschler et al., 2013, Germany | 5 | 5 | 5 | Nr | 6 | Mid Foot Fusion Bolt and dorsal plate | ||
| Wiewiorske et al., 2013, Switzerland | 8 | 8 | 7 | 63 | (46–80) | Nr | 27 (12–44) | Mid Tarsal Bolt |
| Garcher et al., 2013, Switzerland | 24 | 25 | 22 | 58.8 | (42–74) | Nr | 38 (17–64) | Plantar plate |
| Eschler et al., 2014, Germany | 7 | 7 | 7 | 56.3 | (47–68) | Nr | 24 (9–43) | Mid Foot Fusion Bolt |
| Siebachmeyer et al., 2015, UK | 20 | 21 | 20 | 62.6 | (46–83) | 32.7 (15–47) | 26 (8–54) | IMN |
| Richter et al., 2015, Germany | 47 | 48 | 38 | 60.1 | (35–78) | 31.5 (22–42) | 12 (1–35) | Mid Foot Fusion Bolt |
| Matsumoto et al., 2015, USA | 10 | 11 | 9 | 52.2 | (35–64) | 36.32 (27.1–44.3) | 29 (12–44) | Plate and Ex Fix |
| Ettinger et al., 2016, Germany | 58 | 58 | 39 | 59.1 | (26–81) | Nr | 31.3 (12–57) | IMN 38 Ex Fix 19 |
| Hegewald et al., 2016, USA | 22 | 22 | 22 | 54 | (31–75) | 33.59 (20–48) | 58.6 (16–164) | Plate and Ex Fix |
| Vasukutty et al., 2017, UK | 42 | 40 | 40 | 59 | (38–82) | NR | 42 (12–99) | IMN (Hind foot) and mid foot Fixation (Mid foot fusion bolt, Fusion Plate) |
| Chraim et al., 2018, Austria | 18 | 17 | 10 | 63.4 (38.5–79.8) | NR | 46.36 (37–70) | IMN and mid foot |