Table 1.
Characteristics of published cross-sectional studies outlining the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and dental caries in children residing in KSA.
| Author(s) | City/Region | Setting | Sample Size | Age group (y) | Caries Parameter | Low BMI | High BMI | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abu El Qomsan et al. (2017) | Al-Kharj | Outpatient (School) | 386 | 9.4 ± 1.7 | DFT | U D = 3.1 ± 1.5 U F = 0.3 ± 0.7 |
OW D = 3.7 ± 2.4 OW F = 0.4 ± 0.7 O D = 4.0 ± 2.6 O F = 0.7 ± 1.2 |
Patients with higher BMI were more likely to have higher dental caries (P < 0.001) |
| Alghamdi and Almahdy. (2017) | Riyadh | Outpatient (School) | 610 | 14–16 | Prevalence of DMFT (%) | U = 27% | OW = 17% O = 13% |
As the BMI decreases the probability of having higher dental caries increased (P = 0.008) |
| Alkarimi et al. (2014) | Jeddah | Outpatient (Military school) | 417 | 6–8 | DMFT | – | – | There was an inverse linear relationship between dental caries and the children’s BMI (P < 0.001) |
| Ashi et al. (2019) | Jeddah | Outpatient (School) | 225 | 13–15 | DMFS | U DMFS = 3.3 ± 4.7 | OW DMFS = 3.5 ± 4.7 O DMFS = 2.9 ± 1.4 |
There was no correlation between overweight and obese children and dental caries (P = 0.873) |
| Ashour et al. (2018)# | Makkah | Outpatient (School) | 275 | 6–11 (71%) 12–17 (29%) |
dmfs/DMFS | U dmfs = 0.02 ± 0.08 U DMFS = 0.02 ± 0.06 |
OW dmfs = 2.9 ± 3.2 OW DMFS = 2.8 ± 3.1 O DMFT = 2.8 ± 3.1 O DMFS = 3.2 ± 3.6 |
Overweight and obese patients were 2.9 times more likely to have dental caries in comparison to underweight patients (95% CI = 1.2–4.9) |
| Bhayat et al. (2016) | Medina | Outpatient (School) | 402 | 12.6 ± 0.6 | DMFT |
U DMFT = 2.6 ± 3.3 |
OW DMFT = 1.2 ± 1.9 O DMFT = 1.1 ± 1.6 |
Overweight and obese patients were at less likely to have dental caries in comparison to the underweight patients (P = 0.016). |
| Farsi and Elkhodary. (2017) | Jeddah | Outpatient (School) | 801 | 16.5 ± 0.9 | DT | U D = 4.9 ± 3.0 | OW D = 4.35 ± 3.3 O D = 4.3 ± 3.5 |
There was a non-significant positive correlation between BMI and dental caries (P = 0.737) There was a non-significant negative correlation between BMI and dental caries (P = 0.069) |
| Farsi et al. (2016) | Jeddah | Outpatient (School) | 915 | 12.6 ± 8.9 | Prevalence of dmf/DMF (%) | U = 88% | OW = 86% O = 80% |
As the BMI decreases the probability of having higher dental caries increased (P < 0.05) |
| Habibullah et al. (2018) | Qassim | Outpatient (Dental Clinic) |
171 | M − 8.1 ± 1.4 (59%) F − 7.8 ± 1.8 (41%) |
dt | M U = 93.1% F U = 73.0% |
M OW = 85% FOW = 0% |
Underweight children were more likely to have dental caries in comparison to overweight patients (P = 0.024). |
| Quadri et al. (2017) | Jazan | Outpatient (School) | 360 | 6–15 | dmft/DMFT | U d = 2.0 ± 0.8 U f = 1.8 ± 0.5 U D = 2.0 ± 0.9 U M = 2.2 ± 1.3 U F = 2.4 ± 0.5 |
OW d = 1.9 ± 0.9 OW f = 2.0 ± 0.0 OW D = 1.8 ± 0.5 OW M = 1.8 ± 0.8 OW F = 2.7 ± 1.1 O d = 2.0 ± 0.8 O f = 3.0 ± 1.4 O D = 1.9 ± 0.8 O M = 2.5 ± 0.7 O F = 1.0 ± 0.5 |
There was a negative correlation between dental caries and BMI (P = 0.002) |
d/D - Decayed, m/M - Missing, f/F - Filled, t/T - Teeth, s/S - Surface, F - Female, M - Male, CI - Confidence Interval, U – Underweight, O - Obese, OW – Overweight.
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Concomitant Medical History - Special Needs [Mental retardation (40%), Deafness, Blindness (22.2%), Down Syndrome (18.9%), Autism (14.9%), Cerebral Palsy (6.2%].