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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 11.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Feb 5;3(2):e1921043. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21043

Table 2. The Association between Depression and All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality.

Cases/person-years Incidence per 1,000 person-years Unadjusted Model Model 1a Model 2b Depressive symptoms scorec
HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
All-cause mortality
    CKB
        No depression 43,681/50,55,739 8.64 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference]
        Depression 384/33,071 11.61 1.56 (1.41-1.73) 1.39 (1.26-1.54) 1.32 (1.20-1.46) 1.06 (1.04-1.08)
    DFTJ
        No depression 2027/171,375 11.83 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference]
        Depression 544/37,028 14.69 1.36 (1.24-1.50) 1.31 (1.19-1.44) 1.17 (1.06-1.29) 1.04 (1.02-1.07)
CVD mortality
    CKB
        No depression 17,501/5,055,739 3.46 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference]
        Depression 147/33,071 4.44 1.48 (1.26-1.74) 1.31 (1.11-1.54) 1.22 (1.04-1.44) 1.04 (1.01-1.07)
    DFTJ
        No depression 772/171,375 4.50 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference] 1[Reference]
        Depression 241/37,028 6.51 1.59 (1.37-1.84) 1.55 (1.34-1.80) 1.32 (1.14-1.53) 1.08 (1.04-1.12)

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; CKB, China Kadoorie Biobank; CVD, cardiovascular diseases; DFTJ, Dongfeng-Tongji; HR: hazard ratio.

a

Model 1: adjusted age, sex, education, BMI, spouse, drinking, smoking, consumption of meat, vegetables, and fruits; CKB cohort further adjusted region and household income.

b

Model 2: adjusted model 1 plus health index and family history of CVD.

c

The results were calculated by adjusting for confounders shown in Model 2.