Table 1. Preoperative characteristics of the study cohorts.
| Variables | All patients (n=68) | Patients with RVF (n=32) | Patients without RVF (n=36) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 59.6±13.4 | 58.8±12.8 | 60.3±14.0 | 0.639 |
| Male | 58 (85.3) | 27 (84.4) | 31 (86.1) | 0.840 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.1±4.2 | 25.3±4.3 | 25.0±4.2 | 0.764 |
| Indication, n (%) | 0.684 | |||
| Bridge to transplant | 40 (58.8) | 18 (56.3) | 22 (61.1) | |
| Destination therapy | 28 (41.2) | 14 (43.8) | 14 (38.9) | |
| INTERMACS Profile, n (%) | 0.564 | |||
| 1 | 25 (36.8) | 14 (43.8) | 11 (30.6) | |
| 2 | 17 (25.0) | 8 (25.0) | 9 (25.0) | |
| 3 | 10 (14.7) | 3 (9.4) | 7 (19.4) | |
| 4 | 16 (23.5) | 7 (21.9) | 9 (25.0) | |
| Short-term MCS pre-LVAD | 23 (33.8) | 13 (40.6) | 10 (27.8) | 0.264 |
| VA-ECMO, n (%) | 19 (27.9) | 12 (37.5) | 7 (19.4) | 0.098 |
| Impella 5.0, n (%) | 4 (5.9) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (8.3) | 0.616 |
| Days of short-term MCS | 9.4±6.1 | 9.8±5.7 | 9.0±6.9 | 0.752 |
| Etiology, n (%) | 0.440 | |||
| Idiopathic cardiomyopathy | 25 (36.8) | 10 (31.3) | 15 (41.7) | |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 39 (57.4) | 20 (62.5) | 19 (52.8) | |
| Others | 4 (5.9) | 2 (6.3) | 2 (5.6) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 29 (42.6) | 16 (50.0) | 13 (36.1) | 0.248 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 27 (39.7) | 14 (43.8) | 13 (36.1) | 0.520 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 34 (50.0) | 16 (50.0) | 18 (50.0) | 1.000 |
| Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | 12 (17.6) | 4 (12.5) | 8 (22.2) | 0.294 |
| Aortic valve replacement | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 1 (2.8) | 0.529 |
| Mitral valve repair | 5 (7.4) | 2 (6.3) | 3 (8.3) | 0.557 |
| CABG | 6 (8.8) | 2 (6.3) | 4 (11.1) | 0.481 |
| Biology, mean ± SD | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.3±1.9 | 11.0±1.8 | 11.5±2.0 | 0.342 |
| White blood cell count (109/L) | 10.2±5.3 | 10.6±5.7 | 9.8±4.9 | 0.561 |
| Prothrombin time (%) | 66.6±16.2 | 66.0±17.2 | 66.9±15.6 | 0.822 |
| Na+ (mmol/L) | 135.0±7.0 | 136.7±7.9 | 133.5±5.8 | 0.062 |
| Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 25.4±18.9 | 26.8±2.0 | 24.2±15.5 | 0.581 |
| SGOT (U/L) | 136.7±355.1 | 238.7±505.5 | 48.8±40.9 | 0.028 |
| SGPT (U/L) | 126.9±220.5 | 143.6±261.6 | 112.5±180.4 | 0.569 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 36.5±5.7 | 36.4±6.1 | 36.7±5.3 | 0.818 |
| GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 64.0±31.1 | 60.4±30.0 | 67.2±32.1 | 0.374 |
| Troponin I (μg/L) | 113.6±384.6 | 101.3±257.4 | 124.1±471.7 | 0.837 |
| Lactates (mmol/L) | 2.2±7.9 | 3.3±11.2 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.247 |
| Echography, mean ± SD or n (%) | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 18.6±5.7 | 19.0±5.7 | 18.3±5.7 | 0.624 |
| LV mass/BSA (g/m2) | 149.3±49.8 | 144.7±46.2 | 152.7±53.1 | 0.625 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 69.2±10.3 | 67.5±9.6 | 70.5±10.8 | 0.276 |
| LVESD (mm) | 60.8±11.0 | 58.5±10.7 | 62.2±11.1 | 0.293 |
| E/A ratio | 2.0±1.0 | 2.1±1.1 | 1.9±0.9 | 0.659 |
| Mitral deceleration time (ms) | 140.9±48.0 | 132.8±43.9 | 146.9±51.4 | 0.413 |
| Left atrium area (cm2) | 31.3±7.1 | 29.4±13.3 | 32.8±8.4 | 0.170 |
| Right atrial area (cm2) | 25.3±7.0 | 25.9±6.6 | 25.0±7.4 | 0.746 |
| RVFAC (%) | 28.5±11.7 | 29.0±13.3 | 28.2±10.9 | 0.824 |
| S’-wave DTI (cm/s) | 8.9±3.4 | 9.2±3.5 | 8.8±3.3 | 0.701 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 14.4±6.2 | 13.8±6.9 | 14.7±6.0 | 0.713 |
| TR grade ≥3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
| MR grade ≥3, n (%) | 14 (20.6) | 5 (15.6) | 9 (25.0) | 0.340 |
| sPAP (mmHg) | 48.4±13.6 | 49.8±13.4 | 47.4±13.9 | 0.559 |
RVF, right ventricular failure; MCS, mechanical support; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; VA-ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporal membrane oxygenation; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; SGOT, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase; GFR, glomerular filtration rate, as determined with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LV, left ventricular; BSA, body surface area; LVEDD, LV end-diastolic diameter; LVESD, LV end-systolic diameter; RVFAC, right ventricular fractional area change; S’-wave DTI, Doppler tissue imaging (DTI)-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation grade; MR, mitral regurgitation grade; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; BSA, body surface area; E/A ratio, ratio of mitral E velocity to mitral A velocity.