Table 1. Overview of transcatheter mitral valve repair devices which have already CE approval and devices with promising techniques.
| Repair mode | Device | Description | Access | Clinical experience |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaflet repair | MitraClip (Abbot Vascular, USA) | Based on the “edge-to-edge” technique described by Alfieri et al. (15) | TF-transseptal | >80,000 Impl |
| CE approval | ||||
| FDA approval for DMR and FMR | ||||
| PASCAL (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) | Based on the “edge-to-edge” technique | TF-transseptal | CE approval | |
| Independent grasping of the leaflets | ||||
| Direct Annuloplasty | Cardioband (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) | Implantation of an adjustable band to the posterior annulus | TF-transseptal | CE approval |
| Anchoring on the hinge of the annulus | ||||
| Mitralign (Mitralign, Inc.; Tewksbury, MA) | Plication of the posterior annulus with 2 pairs of pledges | TF-transseptal | CE approval | |
| Reducing MV annulus diameter | ||||
| Arto system (MVRx, Inc.;San Mateo, USA) | Implantation of an atrial septal anchor and a coronary sinus anchor | TJ and TF-transseptal | Investigational | |
| Cinching of the anchors leads to a reduction of AP diameter | ||||
| Iris Device (Millipede Inc., USA) | Semirigid nitinol ring that is implanted in the mitral valve annulus | TF-transseptal | Investigational | |
| Indirect Annuloplasty | Carillon (Cardiac Dimensions, USA) | Nitinol anchors placed in the distal and proximal coronary sinus | TJ | CE approval |
| Reduction of MV annulus diameter upon deployment of the device | ||||
| Chordal Replacement | NeoChord (NeoChord, USA) | Surgical off-pump procedure | TA | CE approval |
| Implantation of artificial chords through a transapical access | ||||
| TSD-5 device (Harpoon Medical, Inc.) | Surgical off-pump procedure | TA | Ongoing CE approval study | |
| Implantation of artificial chords through a transapical access |
TF, transfemoral; TJ, transjugular; TA, transapical; MV, mitral valve; AP, anterior-posterior.