Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for overall survival.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
| Variables | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 1.79 (1.28–2.51) | <0.001 | 1.51 (0.90–2.53) | 0.116 | 1.76 (1.03–3.02) | 0.04 | 1.77 (1.01–3.07) | 0.045 |
| Women | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| <65 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥65 | 1.66 (1.18–2.33) | 0.003 | 1.23 (0.85–1.77) | 0.266 | 1.22 (0.85–1.75) | 0.290 | 1.48 (1.01–2.17) | 0.046 |
| Smoking history | ||||||||
| Never smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Ex-smoker or current smoker | 1.76 (1.26–2.44) | <0.001 | 1.03 (0.61–1.73) | 0.912 | 0.99 (0.59–1.67) | 0.973 | 1.10 (0.65–1.86) | 0.723 |
| ECOG-PS | ||||||||
| 0-1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥2 | 3.01 (2.14–4.23) | <0.001 | 2.51 (1.71–3.67) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.47–3.25) | <0.001 | 1.73 (1.14–2.63) | 0.011 |
| Histological type | ||||||||
| Non-squamous-cell carcinoma | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| SCC | 2.20 (1.44–3.37) | <0.001 | 1.30 (0.81–2.09) | 0.284 | 1.22 (0.75–1.97) | 0.421 | 1.21 (0.75–1.94) | 0.442 |
| Extrathoracic metastasis | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | 1.69 (1.17–2.43) | 0.005 | 1.90 (1.31–2.77) | <0.001 | 1.78 (1.22–2.61) | 0.003 | 1.71 (1.17–2.51) | 0.006 |
| FACT-G total scores | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.032 | ||||
| PWB | 0.93 (0.91–0.95) | <0.001 | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | <0.001 | ||||
| SFWB | 1.00 (0.98–1.03) | 0.715 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.716 | ||||
| EWB | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | 0.005 | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.416 | ||||
| FWB | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.005 | 1.01 (0.97–1.04) | 0.634 | ||||
| Stage | ||||||||
| IIIB | 1.00 | |||||||
| IV | 1.05 (0.53–2.06) | 0.890 | ||||||
| History of anticancer treatment | ||||||||
| No | 1 | |||||||
| Yes | 0.70 (0.45–1.08) | 0.103 | ||||||
| Treatment | ||||||||
| KM monotherapy | 1 | |||||||
| KM with conventional therapy | 1.05 (0.75–1.46) | 0.780 | ||||||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; EWB, emotional well-being; FACT-G, Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General; FWB, functional well-being; HR, hazard ratio; PS, performance status; PWB, physical well-being; SCC, squamous-cell carcinoma; SFWB, social/family well-being.