Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants in a Study of the Associations of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and Natriuretic Peptide With Risk of Hospitalization with Infection, by Cardiovascular Disease Status, ARIC Study, 1996–1998a
| Characteristic | Overall Sample (n = 9,403) | Persons With Prevalent CVD at Baseline (n = 1,066) | Persons Without Prevalent CVD at Baseline (n = 8,337) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hs-cTnT Concentration | NT-proBNP Concentration | |||||||||||||||||
| <3 ng/L (n = 3,401) | ≥3 ng/L (n = 4,936) | <48.1 pg/mL (n = 3,400) | ≥48.1 pg/mL (n = 4,937) | |||||||||||||||
| No.b | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | No. | % | Mean (SD) | |
| Age, years | 62.6 (5.6) | 63.5 (5.6)c | 60.7 (5.1) | 63.5 (5.6)d | 60.9 (5.2) | 63.4 (5.6)e | ||||||||||||
| Male sex | 4,096 | 43.6 | 651c | 61.1 | 759 | 22.3 | 2,686d | 1,870 | 55.0 | 1,575e | 31.9 | |||||||
| Black race | 2,075 | 22.1 | 221 | 20.7 | 728 | 21.4 | 1,126d | 54.4 | 1,025 | 30.1 | 829e | 16.8 | ||||||
| Body mass indexf | 28.7 (5.5) | 29.0 (5.4)c | 28.1 (5.4) | 22.8 | 29.0 (5.4)d | 29.3 (5.2) | 28.2 (5.6)e | |||||||||||
| Ever smokingg | 5,426 | 57.7 | 752c | 70.5 | 1,895 | 55.7 | 2,779d | 5.4 | 1,972 | 58.0 | 2,702e | 54.7 | ||||||
| Ever consuming alcoholg | 7,463 | 79.4 | 872 | 81.8 | 2,701 | 79.4 | 3,890d | 56.3 | 2,746 | 80.8 | 3,845 | 77.9 | ||||||
| ≥12 years of education | 7,680 | 81.7 | 789c | 74.0 | 2,909 | 85.5 | 3,982 | 78.8 | 2,810 | 82.6 | 4,081 | 82.7 | ||||||
| Needing help with chores/shopping | 346 | 3.7 | 91c | 8.5 | 79 | 2.3 | 176 | 3.6 | 97 | 2.9 | 158 | 3.2 | ||||||
| Heart rate, beats/minute | 65.7 (9.5) | 64.7 (10.1)c | 66.3 (8.8) | 65.6 (9.7)d | 67.2 (9.2) | 65.0 (9.4)e | ||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 127.4 (18.9) | 130.0 (19.8)c | 124.5 (17.9) | 128.9 (19.1)d | 123.5 (16.1) | 129.6 (20.0)e | ||||||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71.2 (10.3) | 69.9 (11.6) | 70.8 (9.8) | 71.7 (10.3)d | 72.0 (9.3) | 70.9 (10.6)e | ||||||||||||
| Laboratory tests | ||||||||||||||||||
| eGFR, mL/minute/1.73 m2 | 86.4 (15.9) | 81.3 (17.5)c | 90.0 (14.4) | 85.0 (16.1)d | 90.4 (14.8) | 84.7 (15.7)e | ||||||||||||
| Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, mg/g | 22.4 (168.3) | 53.8 (271.2)c | 9.1 (64.2) | 24.8 (186.9)d | 10.4 (72.0) | 23.9 (185.0)e | ||||||||||||
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 4.3 (6.3) | 5.0 (7.3)c | 4.5 (6.0) | 4.0 (6.3)d | 3.8 (5.0) | 4.5 (6.9)e | ||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.2 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.0)c | 5.3 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.9)d | 5.3 (1.0) | 5.2 (0.9)e | ||||||||||||
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4)c | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.3 (0.4)d | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4)e | ||||||||||||
| hs-cTnTh, ng/L | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | 7.0 (4.0–12.0)c | 3.0 (3.0–3.0) | 7.0 (5.0–9.0)d | 4.0 (3.0–7.0) | 4.0 (3.0–8.0)e | ||||||||||||
| NT-proBNPh, pg/mL | 65.8 (32.5–126.1) | 138.1 (61.3–312.2)c | 59.6 (30.0–106.5) | 62.5 (30.8–120.3)d | 25.8 (14.6–36.5) | 101.6 (70.3–156.8)e | ||||||||||||
| Any electrocardiographic abnormality | 293 | 3.1 | 103c | 9.7 | 56 | 1.6 | 134d | 2.7 | 41 | 1.2 | 149e | 3.0 | ||||||
| Left ventricular hypertrophyi | 229 | 2.4 | 51c | 4.8 | 54 | 1.6 | 124d | 2.5 | 39 | 1.1 | 139e | 2.8 | ||||||
| Major Q wave abnormality | 48 | 0.5 | 38c | 3.6 | 2 | 0.1 | 8d | 0.2 | 1 | 0.0 | 9e | 0.2 | ||||||
| Minor Q wave abnormality | 23 | 0.2 | 21c | 2.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | ||||||
| Medication use | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aspirin | 5,266 | 56.0 | 828c | 77.7 | 1,809 | 53.2 | 2,629d | 53.3 | 1,755 | 51.6 | 2,683e | 54.3 | ||||||
| Statins | 1,022 | 10.9 | 316c | 29.6 | 280 | 8.2 | 426 | 8.6 | 303 | 8.9 | 403 | 8.2 | ||||||
| Loop diuretics | 304 | 3.2 | 156c | 14.6 | 38 | 1.1 | 110d | 2.2 | 44 | 1.3 | 104e | 2.1 | ||||||
| Anticoagulants | 148 | 1.6 | 109c | 10.2 | 9 | 0.3 | 30 | 0.6 | 13 | 0.4 | 26 | 0.5 | ||||||
| Medical history | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 3,449 | 36.7 | 610c | 57.2 | 990 | 29.1 | 1,849d | 37.5 | 1,077 | 31.7 | 1,762e | 35.7 | ||||||
| Diabetes | 1,475 | 15.7 | 282c | 26.5 | 323 | 9.5 | 870d | 17.6 | 577 | 17.0 | 616e | 12.5 | ||||||
| Cancer | 389 | 4.1 | 53 | 5.0 | 125 | 3.7 | 211 | 4.3 | 124 | 3.6 | 212 | 4.3 | ||||||
| COPD | 140 | 1.5 | 65c | 6.1 | 25 | 0.7 | 50 | 1.0 | 28 | 0.8 | 47 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Abnormal liver function | 15 | 0.2 | 5c | 0.5 | 2 | 0.1 | 8 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.1 | 7 | 0.1 | ||||||
Abbreviations: ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SD, standard deviation.
a P values were based χ2, analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis tests.
b Number of participants.
c P < 0.05 for comparison with persons without prevalent CVD at baseline.
d P < 0.05 for comparison with persons with hs-cTnT <3 ng/L.
e P < 0.05 for comparison with persons with NT-proBNP <48.1 pg/mL.
f Body mass index was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2.
g Smoking status and alcohol consumption were based on the questionnaire items “Have you ever smoked cigarettes?” and “Have you ever consumed alcoholic beverages?”.
h Values are expressed as median (interquartile range).
i Left ventricular hypertrophy was defined as the sum of the R wave in aVL and the S wave in V3 exceeding 20 mm (women) or 28 mm (men).