Table 1.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) upregulated in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).
| miRNA | Target | Result | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| miR-10b | Hox D10 | -Metastasis | (15) |
| miR-21 | PTEN | -Activates Akt/ERK1/2 pathways -EMT -Invasion -Metastasis |
(16, 17) |
| miR-22 | Hypermethylation of miR-200 promoter, miR-200 inactivation, ZEB1/2, and BMI1 expression | -EMT -Metastasis |
(18) |
| miR-125 | Bak1 | Promotes CSC maintenance | (19) |
| miR-181 | BRCA1 | Promotes CSCs phenotypes | (20) |
| miR-221/222 | PTEN | -Activate PI3K/Akt pathway -xIncrease proliferation |
(21) |
| Akt phosphorylation |
Hox D10, Homebox protein D10; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition; ZEB1/2, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2; BMI1, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1; homolog, a member of the polycomb repression complex 1 family; Bak1, BCL2 antagonist/killer 1; BRCA1, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein.