Table 1.

Results of intellectual functioning from meta-analyses of children with selected chronic health conditions.

Health Condition	Number of Studies	Domains	Comparison Group	Effect Size (d or g)	Effect Size (IQ points)
Type 1 diabetes (Naguib et al., 2009)	24	PIQ	Healthy control	d = −0.18	−2.7
		VIQ	Healthy control	d = −0.15	−2.25
		FSIQ	Healthy control	d = −0.14	−2.1
Congenital heart defects (HLHS) (Karsdorp et al., 2007)	4	PIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.88	−13.2
		VIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.43	−6.45
		FSIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.82	−12.3
Congenital heart disease (TGA) (Karsdorp et al., 2007)	11	PIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.29	−4.35
		VIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.05	−0.75
		FSIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.14	−2.1
Sickle cell disease (Schatz et al., 2002)	18	FSIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.31	−4.3
Leukemia (Campbell et al., 2009)	28	PIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.71	−10.65
		VIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.58	−8.7
		FSIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.66	−9.9
Brain tumors (Robinson et al., 2010)	39	PIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.88	−13.2
		VIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.74	−11.1
		FSIQ	Normative sample	g = −0.83	−12.45
Traumatic Brain Injuries (mild) (Babikian & Asarnow, 2009)	28	PIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.22	−3.3
		VIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.14	−2.1
		FSIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.21	−3.15
Traumatic Brain Injuries (moderate) (Babikian & Asarnow, 2009)	28	PIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.83	−12.45
		VIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.67	−10.05
		FSIQ	Healthy control	g= −0.92	−13.8
Traumatic Brain Injuries (severe) (Babikian & Asarnow, 2009)	28	PIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.89	−13.35
		VIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.52	−7.8
		FSIQ	Healthy control	g = −0.79	−11.85