Table 1.

Studies published in the last 5 years (2012–2017) examining the association between the Mediterranean-style diet (and related diets/measures) and cognitive impairment risk

First author (year)	Sample size (N)	Study type	Years of follow-up number, mean (SD) or range	Age (years) Mean (SD) or range	Main outcome(s)	Main results
Anastasiou (2017)	1864	Cross-sectional	N/A	73(6)	Prevalent dementia	Highest quartile of Mediterranean diet scores were associated with lower odds of dementia relative to the lowest quartile (fully adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.449 [0.208, 0.969]). Mediterranean diet scores modeled continuously were associated with lower odds of dementia (fully adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.920 [0.870, 0.974]).
Gardener (2012)	723 controls, 98 MCI, 149 AD	Cross-sectional	N/A	72(8)	Prevalent MCI or AD	Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower odds of MCI (fully adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.866 [0.75, 1.00]) or AD (0.806 [0.71, 0.92]).
Haring (2016)	6425	Prospective cohort	9.1	65–79	Mild cognitive impairment, probable dementia	The alternate Mediterranean diet was not associated with mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia (fully adjusted HR [95% CI] for highest quintile 0.82 [0.59, 1.14]).
Olsson (2015)	1138	Prospective cohort	12	70	Alzheimer dementia, all-type dementia, all-type cognitive impairment	The Mediterranean-like diet was not associated with dementia or cognitive impairment (OR [95% CI] 0.82 [0.65, 1.05]).
Morris (2015)	923	Prospective cohort	4.5	58–98	Alzheimer disease, mortality	Highest tertile of Mediterranean diet score was associated with decreased hazard of Alzheimer disease (fully adjusted HR [95% CI] 0.49 [0.29, 0.85]).
Tsivgoulis (2013)	17,478	Prospective cohort	4(1.5)	64(9)	Incident cognitive impairment	Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower odds of cognitive impairment (fully adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.87 [0.76, 1.0]).
Cao (2016)	43 studies	Meta-analysis	1–34	20–100	Dementia	The Mediterranean diet was associated with decreased risk of dementia (summary RR [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.57, 0.84]).
Singh (2014)	5 studies	Meta-analysis	2–8	76–86	Cognitive impairment	Highest tertile of Mediterranean diet score was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (summary HR [95% CI] 0.67 [0.55, 0.81]). Results were similar in cognitively normal individuals.
Psaltopoulou (2013)	22	Meta-analysis	N/A	N/A	Cognitive impairment, stroke, depression	High adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (summary RR [95% CI] 0.60 [0.43, 0.83]).