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. 2020 May 11;11:174. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01616-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Effects of H₂O₂ on HaCaT according to CCK-8 assay and Annexin V-PI and ROS staining. a Morphological changes in HaCaT cells treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ at various times. b HaCaT cells treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ at different times followed by viability assay with CCK-8. Histogram shows H₂O₂ decreased HaCaT cell viability in a time-dependent manner. c Annexin V-PI staining combined with flow cytometry assay to detect apoptosis of HaCaT cells treated with 1 mM H₂O₂ at various times. d Histogram shows that apoptosis increased with induction time. e, f Analysis of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by DCF-DA assay. Histogram show that fluorescence intensity increased with induction time. Compared to 0h: ^*P < 0.05; ^#P < 0.05. Data are representative of three independent experiments (means ± SD)