Table 1.
Frequency and cumulative incidence of drowning in children aged 0–47 months
| Variables | Baseline Period (2012–2013) | Implementation Period (2014–2016) | Pre-post comparison | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population n (%) | Drowninga n (%) | Cumulative incidence per 100,000 population per year (95% CI) | Population n (%) | Drowningbn (%) | Cumulative incidence per 100,000 population per year (95% CI) | Cumulative incidence ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
| All children, 0 – 47 months | 92,240 (100) | 80 (100) | 86.73 (69.67, 107.97) | 122,032 (100) | 105 (100) | 43.03 (35.55, 52.10) | 0.40 (0.28, 0.57) | 0.0000 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 46,857 (50.80) | 43 (53.75) | 91.77 (68.07, 123.72) | 61,801 (50.65) | 60 (57.14) | 48.56 (37.71, 62.53) | 0.53 (0.33, 0.84) | 0.0065 |
| Female | 45,383 (49.20) | 37 (46.25) | 81.53 (59.08, 112.51) | 60,226 (49.35) | 45 (42.86) | 37.37 (27.90, 50.04) | 0.47 (0.28, 0.79) | 0.0035 |
| Age | ||||||||
| 0–11 months | 21,972 (23.82) | 2 (2.50) | 9.10 (2.28, 36.39) | 15,222 (12.48) | 19 (18.10) | 62.41 (39.82, 97.81) | 7.21 (1.58, 32.92) | 0.0028 |
| 12–23 months | 23,117 (25.06) | 29 (36.25) | 125.45 (87.19, 180.47) | 30,350 (24.87) | 44 (41.90) | 72.51 (53.97, 97.41) | 0.58 (0.33, 1.00) | 0.0050 |
| 24–35 months | 24,276 (26.32) | 26 (32.50) | 107.10 (72.93, 157.26) | 38,650 (31.67) | 26 (24.76) | 33.64 (22.91, 49.40) | 0.31 (0.16, 0.61) | 0.0003 |
| 36–47 months | 22,875 (24.80) | 23 (28.75) | 100.55 (66.82, 151.26) | 37,810 (30.98) | 16 (15.24) | 21.17 (12.97, 34.55) | 0.21 (0.09, 0.47) | 0.0000 |
| Study area | ||||||||
| Area 1 | 41,785 (45.30) | 22 (27.50) | 52.65 (34.67, 79.95) | 51,569 (42.26) | 20 (19.05) | 19.41 (12.52, 30.07) | 0.37 (0.18, 0.78) | 0.0064 |
| Area 2 | 50,455 (54.70) | 58 (72.50) | 114.95 (88.88, 148.67) | 70,463 (57.76) | 85 (80.95) | 60.32 (48.77, 74.59) | 0.53 (0.36, 0.79) | 0.0014 |
aDrowning information obtained over 1-year recall period
bDrowning information obtained over an average 2-year implementation period