Figure 8.

Altered PAR-2 polarity translates to altered TGF-β2 secretion with PAR-2 stimulation both alone and in combination with TNFα. a, bar graph of RPMI 2650 ALI TGF-β2 secretion with basolateral (bl.) application of 2FLI (20 μm) or TNFα (10 ng/ml) ± pertussis toxin (100 ng/ml; 18 h pretreatment). b, bar graph of primary nasal ALIs showing TGF-β2 secretion with basolateral (bl.) but not apical (ap.) 2FLI (20 μm), trypsin (10 nm), or tryptase (10 nm). c, bar graph showing TGF-β2 secretion with apical versus basolateral 2FLI and combinatorial effects with TNFα. RPMI 2650 squamous ALIs and primary ALIs exposed to 4 days of submersion to induce squamous differentiation exhibited apical 2FLI responses but control ALIs did not. d, bar graph showing TGF-β2 secretion with apical versus basolateral 2FLI as in b ± FSLLRY-NH₂ (50 μm). Each point is an independent experiment using an ALI culture from one patient (four to six ALIs from four to six patients per condition). Significance was determined in a–d by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post-test comparing values to the respective control; **, p < 0.01. a, ##, p < 0.01 between basolateral 2FLI and 2FLI with PTX by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test. c, ##, p < 0.01 versus TNFα alone by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test.