Table 5.
Groin injury prevention: effect and grading the quality of evidence
| Outcomes | Effect size | ||||
| Large | Medium | Small | Trivial | ||
| Risk of injury | |||||
| Meta-analyses | RR (95% CI) | ||||
| Mixed groin prevention programmes versus usual care*; n=4191, male/female football72 | 0.81 (0.60 to 1.09); I2=7.0% | Low quality of evidence | |||
| Specific adductor strength training versus usual care*; n=1067, male football72 | 0.80 (0.53 to 1.22); I2=3.0% | Low quality of evidence | |||
| FIFA 11+ programme versus usual care*; n=2476, male/female football72 | 0.64 (0.27 to 1.49); I2=59.0% | Very low quality of evidence | |||
| FIFA 11+ programme versus to usual care*; n=3417, male/female football54 | 0.58 (0.40 to 0.84); I2=8.0% | Low quality of evidence | |||
| FIFA 11+ programme versus usual care*; n=3732, male/female from mixed sports78 79 | 0.58 (0.06 to 5.93); I2=62.0% | Very low quality of evidence | |||
| Individual studies | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Adductor strengthening programme versus usual care; n=486, male football73 | 0.59 (0.40 to 0.86) | Moderate quality of evidence | |||
| RR (95% CI) | |||||
| FIFA 11+ programme performed pre-football and post-football versus FIFA 11+ performed pre-football; n=280, male football62 | 0.16 (0.02 to 1.29) | Very low quality of evidence | |||
| Modified FIFA 11+ with rescheduling of Part 2 versus standard FIFA 11+; n=806, male football64 | 1.19 (0.81 to 1.76) | Moderate quality of evidence | |||
*Based on pooled data from meta-analysis. RR (risk ratio) ORs; I2 (heterogeneity in study results); the preventive effect is assessed as RR assessed as trivial (RR >0.78), small (0.78≥ RR >0.61), medium (0.61≥ RR >0.47) and large (RR ≤0.47).47