Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participants in the different study groups
| Characteristic | Normal people (n=647) | Patients with only pre-T2DM (n=521) | Patients with only HBP (pre-HTN or HTN) (n=747) | Patients with both pre-T2DM and pre-HTN (n=532) | Patients with both pre-T2DM and HTN (n=281) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year), mean (SE) | 41.00 (0.24) | 42.38 (0.29) | 42.91 (0.24) | 44.43 (0.30) | 45.73 (0.42) | <0.001* |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SE) | 27.34 (0.17) | 28.53 (0.19) | 29.21 (0.16) | 29.58 (0.19) | 30.70 (0.26) | <0.001* |
| Waist (cm), mean (SE) | 85.03 (0.39) | 87.94 (0.43) | 90.04 (0.36) | 91.05 (0.43) | 93.78 (0.59) | <0.001* |
| WHR, mean (SE) | 0.66 (0.003) | 0.67 (0.004) | 0.69 (0.003) | 0.70 (0.004) | 0.71 (0.005) | <0.001* |
| TG (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 142.18 (4.21) | 155.27 (4.65) | 164.70 (3.85) | 179.39 (4.59) | 203.91 (6.38) | <0.001* |
| Total-C (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 189.58 (1.63) | 195.01 (1.79) | 198.40 (1.48) | 200.94 (1.77) | 207.39 (2.47) | <0.001* |
| HDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 47.36 (0.50) | 44.86 (0.55) | 45.23 (0.54) | 42.90 (0.76) | 39.80 (1.27) | <0.001* |
| LDL-C (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 113.94 (1.47) | 119.15 (1.62) | 120.34 (1.33) | 119.80 (1.60) | 125.18 (2.25) | <0.001* |
| Remnant cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (SE) | 28.29 (0.83) | 30.97 (0.92) | 32.96 (0.76) | 35.52 (0.91) | 39.80 (1.27) | <0.001* |
| Physical activity (TMET h/day), mean (SE) | 34.09 (0.51) | 33.15 (0.40) | 33.53 (0.44) | 33.76 (0.40) | 33.14 (0.59) | 0.534 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 147 (5.4) | 112 (4.1) | 548 (20.1) | 158 (5.8) | 196 (7.2) | 0.006** |
| Female | 500 (18.3) | 409 (15.0) | 199 (7.3) | 374 (13.7) | 85 (3.1) | |
| Obesity, n (%) | ||||||
| Obese | 98 (3.9) | 107 (4.2) | 204 (8.0) | 173 (6.8) | 122 (4.8) | <0.001** |
| Nonobese | 509 (20.0) | 375 (14.7) | 492 (19.3) | 321 (12.6) | 144 (5.7) |
*Significant results from one-way ANOVA for age and ANCOVA for other variables, **Significant results from Chi-square test. BMI: Body mass index, WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio, TMETs: Total metabolic equivalents, Pre-T2DM=Pretype 2 diabetes mellitus; HBP: High blood pressure; HTN=Hypertension; Pre-HTN=Prehypertension; HDL-C=High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C=Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ANOVA=Analysis of variance; ANCOVA=Analysis of covariance; SE=Standard error; Total-C=Total cholesterol