Table 1.
Characteristics of COPD Patients According to NAFLD Status
| Variables | All (n = 850) | No NAFLD (n = 726, 85.4%) | NAFLD (n = 124, 14.6%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.0 ± 9.6 | 65.4 ± 9.5 | 63.0 ± 10.2 | 0.010 |
| Male sex | 581 (68.4) | 498 (68.6) | 83 (66.9) | 0.713 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 2.8 | 22.9 ± 2.4 | 27.0 ± 2.6 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.1 ± 8.8 | 82.5 ± 7.8 | 93.6 ± 7.3 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.485 | |||
| Never smoker | 435 (51.2) | 371 (51.1) | 64 (51.6) | |
| Ex-smoker | 178 (20.9) | 148 (20.4) | 30 (24.2) | |
| Current smoker | 237 (27.9) | 207 (28.5) | 30 (24.2) | |
| ASM (kg) | 18.2 ± 4.0 | 17.8 ± 3.9 | 19.6 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| ASM/BMI (m2) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| Sarcopenia_BMI | 174 (20.5) | 131 (18.0) | 43 (34.7) | <0.001 |
| ASM/BW (%) | 29.2 ± 4.0 | 29.5 ± 4.0 | 27.3 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Sarcopenia_BW | 181 (21.3) | 130 (17.9) | 51 (41.1) | <0.001 |
| ASM/height2 | 6.8 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 7.3 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| Sarcopenia_height | 278 (32.7) | 234 (32.2) | 44 (35.5) | 0.476 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 309 (36.4) | 224 (30.9) | 85 (68.5) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 413 (48.6) | 342 (47.1) | 71 (57.3) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 144 (16.9) | 95 (13.1) | 49 (39.5) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary Function Test | ||||
| FVC (%) | 89.0 ± 15.5 | 89.7 ± 15.5 | 85.3 ± 15.3 | 0.004 |
| FEV1 (%) | 76.3 ± 16.4 | 76.6 ± 16.8 | 74.9 ± 13.9 | 0.240 |
| Ratio of FEV1/FVC (%) | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.002 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.0 ± 16.8 | 124.5 ± 16.8 | 128.4 ± 16.6 | 0.017 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.1 ± 10.3 | 74.5 ± 10.3 | 78.3 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190.2 ± 36.1 | 190.9 ± 35.5 | 186.5 ± 39.3 | 0.211 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 45.0 ± 10.5 | 45.6 ± 10.6 | 41.7 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 146.7 ± 93.6 | 139.7 ± 84.2 | 187.1 ± 129.4 | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 23.1 ± 8.5 | 22.8 ± 8.0 | 25.0 ± 10.8 | <0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 21.1 ± 12.1 | 19.0 ± 9.4 | 33.1 ± 18.0 | 0.025 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 246.1 ± 60.2 | 246.7 ± 59.9 | 242.7 ± 62.0 | 0.497 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 102.1 ± 23.6 | 99.7 ± 20.7 | 116.2 ± 32.7 | <0.001 |
Note: Data are mean ± standard error (range) or number (percentage).
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BW, body weight; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec; FVC, force vital capacity; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.