Table 2.

Association Between Sarcopenia and NAFLD in COPD Patients

	Sarcopenia_BMI OR (95% CI)	P value	Sarcopenia_BW OR (95% CI)	P value	Sarcopenia_Height OR (95% CI)	P value
Unadjusted	1.74 (1.09–2.77)	0.020	2.44 (1.47–4.03)	<0.001	1.16 (0.78–1.72)	0.476
Multivariable Model 1	2.69 (1.59–4.55)	<0.001	2.99 (1.82–4.95)	<0.001	1.15 (0.77–1.72)	0.500
Multivariable Model 2	2.59 (1.53–4.39)	<0.001	2.88 (1.73–4.81)	<0.001	1.01 (0.73–1.65)	0.659
Multivariable Model 3	2.19 (1.29–3.72)	<0.004	2.57 (1.51–4.39)	<0.001	1.01 (0.70–1.70)	0.692
Multivariable Model 4	1.95 (1.11–3.46)	0.022	2.25 (1.30–3.92)	0.004	1.06 (0.67–1.68)	0.800

Notes: The multivariable model was not adjusted for ASM and BMI, as these variables were used for calculating definition of sarcopenia. Model 1 = adjusted for age, gender. Model 2 = model 1 + forced vital capacity. Model 3 = model 2 + hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Model 4 = model 3 + metabolic syndrome

Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI, body mass index; BW, body weight; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OR, odds ratio.