Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study sample before matching.

	Total		Usual care		SDM toolkit
	n	%	n	%	n	%	p-value†
Total	746		625	83.8	121	16.2
Age, mean (SD)	8.55	4.2	8.52	4.1	8.74	4.5	0.596
Race/ethnicity							<0.001
Caucasian	58	7.8	55	8.8	3	2.5
African American	404	54.2	338	54.1	66	54.5
Hispanic/latino	158	21.2	113	18.1	45	37.2
Other	126	16.9	119	19.0	7	5.8
Insurance							0.105
Commercial	98	13.1	88	14.1	10	8.3
Medicaid/other‡	648	86.9	537	85.9	111	91.7
Gender							0.295
Male	451	60.5	383	61.3	68	56.2
Female	295	39.5	242	38.7	53	43.8
Comorbidities
Obesity	71	9.5	55	8.8	16	13.2	0.035
Development delay	9	1.2	8	1.3	1	0.8	1.000
Upper respiratory tract infection	23	3.1	17	2.7	6	5.0	0.243
Rhinitis	27	3.6	24	3.8	3	2.5	0.601
Baseline ED visits, mean (SD)	0.23	0.6	0.20	0.6	0.39	0.7	0.005
Baseline inpatient visits, mean (SD)	0.14	0.5	0.14	0.5	0.13	0.4	0.821
Baseline oral steroid use, mean (SD)	0.43	0.9	0.42	0.9	0.50	0.9	0.336
Percentage of patients with poverty, mean (SD)	0.24	0.1	0.23	0.1	0.24	0.1	0.654
Percentage of patients with education less than high school, mean (SD)	0.21	0.1	0.21	0.1	0.22	0.1	0.258
Median follow-up (month)	30.45		31.60		27.10		<0.001

Note.

^†Based on Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test.

^‡Other includes other public insurance and uninsured.