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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Proteomics. 2020 Apr 5;220:103777. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103777

Table 1.

Advantages and limiations of experimental structure determination techniques.

Technique Advantages Limitations
X-ray crystallography Large proteins and complexes
High resolution structures
Requires high protein concentration
Possible crystallographic artifacts: packing, non-native conformatins
Ad hoc detemination of crystalizing conditions for the target protein
Limited to stable proteins
Molecular motion is challenging to obtain
NMR Multiple complementary techniques for structure determination: two (and higher)-dimensional NMR, residual dipolar coupling, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, paramagnetic relaxation enhancements
Ability to quantify dynamics and witness large-scale conformational dynamics of proteins
Requires high protein concentration
Atominc assignment may present challenges
CryoEM Large structures
Ability to witness many conformational states
Fairly rapid workflow
Small proteins still present a challenge