Table 1.

Review of health problems, health-related behaviors and health service access among industrial workers in Vietnam.

No	Study	Subject	Health problem	Health-related behaviors/knowledge	Health services access
1	(Tuyen et al., 2019)	Women aged 40 and above and are working at 4 textile enterprises in Vietnam		▪17.4% used contraceptive or hormonal drugs ▪54.1% was lacked information about breast self-examination ▪15.8% had sufficient practice on BSE (self-reporting)
2	(Tran et al., 2019b)	3 industrial areas in Hanoi and Bac Ninh	▪84.2% had acute or chronic conditions	▪85.5% was never smoked ▪16.6% had hazardous drinking status ▪15.7% had binge drinking status ▪42.6% used condoms when they had sex with their spouse/intimate partners in their last sexual intercourse ▪Prevalence of using condoms in their last sexual intercourse with sex workers, casual partners without receiving money, and casual partners were 38.3%, 39.3%, and 43.9%, respectively	45.0% had used reproductive health services
3	(Tran et al., 2019a)	4 industrial areas in Hanoi and Bac Ninh		▪The mean breast cancer knowledge score was 6.9 (SD = 5.1) (Score Ranged from 0 to 18) ▪The mean cervical cancer knowledge score was 7.9 (SD = 5.0) (Score Ranged from 0 to 19)	Participants often found health information via medical staff (50.0%), followed by the internet (49.3%) and social media (47.9%).
4	(Tran et al., 2019c)	3 industrial areas in Hanoi and Bac Ninh	▪Average number of health problems was 1.9 ▪The prevalence of depression was 38.6%, mean PHQ9 score in depression group was 9.1	▪The average working hours per day of the participants was 8, the average years of experience was 10 ▪76.7% exposed with noise ▪57.7% exposed with high temperature ▪50.2% exposed with dust ▪35.8% exposed with toxic chemicals ▪37.6% exposed with toxic gas ▪Average number of health hazards exposure at work was 2 ▪13.8% smoked ▪13.7% had hazardous drinking status
5	(Pham et al., 2019)	3 industrial areas in Hanoi and Bac Ninh	▪The mean EQ-5D index was 0.74 (SD = 0.21) ▪The average number of health problems in our sample was 1.91 (SD = 1.63) problems.	▪13.8% smoked ▪13.7% had hazardous drinking status ▪50.8% workers had more than 60 min working in one posture
6	(Le et al., 2018)	female workers aged 18–49-years-old in four industrial zones in Hanoi, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh city and Binh Duong	32.1% of female migrants reported having reproductive tract infections problems/symptoms	two thirds were first-time migrants to the study sites	Prevalence with health insurance cards accounted for 97.84% in Hanoi, 99.62% in Da Nang, 99% in HCM city and 80.75% in Binh Duong
7	(Quynh Nguyen et al., 2017)	Workers in Chi Linh, Hai Duong, Province, Vietnam	▪15.5% had musculoskeletal disease in last 12 month ▪28.5% had headache in last 3 months		▪47.5% used self-treatment at least one time within 12 months ▪59.8% of respondents have health insurance
8	(Vu et al., 2016)	female workers in industrial zones in Long Bien, Hanoi with intervention including hotline, sending communications via short message service (SMS), and a map of health services providers			▪64.0% had a health care insurance ▪Average call on hotline was 2 times/person ▪The maximum re-call number was four times ▪The main topics of hotline consultations were STDs/sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS prevention, modern contraceptives, information about health services providers, and menstruation issues ▪Most of the participants found the SMS service and content useful or very useful, 85% and 88%, respectively ▪Most useful topics in the booklet and map were cost of services (31%), location of health care centers (26%), and contraceptive methods (22%)
9	(Tran et al., 2016)	female workers in a seafood processing factory in Vietnam	▪77.7% female workers experienced after-shift musculoskeletal disorder symptoms in at least one body part ▪the proportion of pain: hips and lower extremities (53.3%), shoulders and upper extremities (42.6%) and neck (41.1%)	▪22.3% had to work seven days per week ▪73.9% had to work more than 8hr per day
10	(Ratnasingam et al., 2012)	workers from furniture-manufacturing companies in Vietnam	▪Frequency of accidents at 167/1000000 h of working, risk factor at 4.49 ▪Workers had sleep disturbances and stress/family tension
11	(Kim le et al., 2012)	female migrant workers in industrial zones in Ha Noi	25.4% had reproductive tract infections symptoms (e.g. abnormal vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, and genital wart/ulcer) in the previous 6 months		▪78.7% had a health care insurance ▪21.6% sought health care at a health center ▪37.8% self-treatment (i.e. washing their genital area with feminine hygiene fluid) ▪20.3% self-medication ▪16.2% did nothing
12	(Marucci-Wellman et al., 2010)	Workplaces in Xuan Tien Commune - industrial zone	▪Incident rate of work-related injuries was 516/1,000 (95% CI = 506 to 610) ▪89% had to stop normal activities after injuries		▪11% were treated at a hospital, ▪24% at the commune health station ▪3% by a private physician ▪4% by a traditional healer ▪51% reported self-treating
13	(Phung et al., 2008)	workers from 4 provinces: Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Thua Thien Hue, Long An	▪Incident rate of work-related injuries for nationwide areas was 7.01 cases/1,000 ▪Formal workers at factories were more likely to have work-related injuries, RR = 1.456		▪9.2% not treated at all ▪28.2% self-treatment at home ▪6.3% used traditional treatment ▪13.6% visited commune health center ▪28.2% visited district hospital ▪11.7% visited province hospital ▪2.8% visited central hospital ▪80% paid out-of-pocket
14	(Chia et al., 2007)	workers from a PVC lead stabilizer factory in Singaporeworkers from a battery factory in Hai Phong City, Vietnam	▪Vietnamese workers had blood lead (toxic) level at 20.6 ± 1.9 mcg/dL (twice as normal)	▪49.8% smoking ▪32.2% drinking regularly
15	(Chien et al., 2002)	Workers in a Vietnamese Refractory Brick Facility	▪High prevalence of respiratory system problem: cough (43%) and shortness of breath (40%) ▪The prevalence of chest radiograph abnormalities was 9.6%	▪19.9% current smoker ▪8.7% former smoker
16	(Matsuda et al., 1997)	ten factories in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi	▪Prevalence of subjective fatigue complaints significantly increased after work ▪30.0% female workers had irregularity of menstruation.	▪The overall average working time was 8.6 hrs; the longest being 10.2 hrs ▪Over 50% of workers were exposed to heat, dust and noise
17	(Matsuda, 1996)	Factory workers in Vietnam	▪Cumulative number of occupational diseases (by the end of 1994): Silicosis 6507; Asbestosis 1; Tuberculosis 13, Noise induced hearing loss 840; Lead poisoning 60; Mercury poisoning 6; Others 68 ▪Occupational accidents in 1993: Fatal accidents 212; Deceased workers 231