. 2018 Sep 3;35(3):641–651. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2017.402

Table 4.

HRs for the risk of total and specific cancer stratified by duration of diabetes

	< 6 Months						6 Months–3 years						≥ 3 Years
	Total		Male		Female		Total		Male		Female		Total		Male		Female
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Total	2.03	2.00–2.07^a	2.09	2.04–2.14^a	1.96	1.89–2.02^a	1.19	1.18–1.21^a	1.22	1.20–1.24^a	1.17	1.15–1.19^a	1.12	1.11–1.13^a	1.14	1.13–1.16^a	1.08	1.07–1.10^a
Oropharyngeal	1.32	1.22–1.44^a	1.46	1.29–1.67^a	1.23	1.10–1.38^a	1.18	1.13–1.23^a	1.20	1.12–1.28^a	1.18	1.12–1.25^a	0.66	0.62–0.70^b	0.80	0.74–0.87^b	0.56	0.52–0.61^b
Esophageal	1.42	1.12–1.80^a	1.59	1.21–2.08^a	1.05	0.64–1.73	0.94	0.84–1.06	0.98	0.86–1.12	0.83	0.64–1.08	0.93	0.84–1.02	0.99	0.89–1.10	0.65	0.50–0.85^b
Stomach	1.68	1.58–1.78^a	1.64	1.52–1.77^a	1.78	1.61–1.98^a	1.06	1.03–1.10^a	1.07	1.03–1.11^a	1.06	1.00–1.12	1.09	1.06–1.12^a	1.09	1.05–1.12^a	1.10	1.05–1.15^a
Colorectal	1.83	1.72–1.94^a	1.90	1.76–2.05^a	1.75	1.60–1.92^a	1.14	1.11–1.18^a	1.15	1.10–1.20^a	1.13	1.08–1.19^a	1.16	1.13–1.19^a	1.17	1.13–1.20^a	1.15	1.11–1.20^a
Liver	2.23	2.12–2.34^a	2.32	2.19–2.45^a	2.02	1.84–2.21^a	1.42	1.39–1.46^a	1.48	1.44–1.53^a	1.31	1.25–1.38^a	1.31	1.28–1.34^a	1.35	1.32–1.39^a	1.24	1.19–1.29^a
Pancreatic	5.94	5.53–6.39^a	6.48	5.88–7.13^a	5.43	4.86–6.06^a	1.97	1.89–2.06^a	2.03	1.91–2.16^a	1.92	1.79–2.05^a	1.64	1.59–1.70^a	1.70	1.62–1.78^a	1.57	1.49–1.65^a
Laryngeal	1.74	1.37–2.20^a	1.78	1.39–2.28^a	1.48	0.68–3.22	1.13	0.99–1.30	1.18	1.00–1.36	0.889	0.58–1.33	1.11	0.99–1.24	1.14	1.01–1.29^a	0.91	0.63–1.31
Lung	2.26	2.13–2.40^a	2.43	2.26–2.60^a	1.98	1.79–2.20^a	1.07	1.03–1.11^a	1.11	1.06–1.15^a	1.01	0.95–1.07	1.05	1.02–1.08^a	1.08	1.04–1.11^a	1.00	1.00–1.05
Kidney	2.14	1.85–2.46^a	2.3	1.95–2.76^a	1.85	1.44–2.37^a	1.09	1.00–1.18	1.16	1.04–1.29^a	0.97	0.84–1.12	1.21	1.15–1.29^a	1.20	1.11–1.29^a	1.24	1.13–1.37^a
Bladder	1.90	1.65–2.18^a	1.90	1.61–2.23^a	1.92	1.49–2.49^a	1.34	1.25–1.44^a	1.32	1.21–1.44^a	1.41	1.24–1.61^a	1.18	1.12–1.24^a	1.23	1.15–1.30^a	1.09	0.99–1.19
Leukemia	3.747	2.86–4.90^a	3.68	2.59–5.23^a	4.01	2.64–6.10^a	1.37	1.18–1.60^a	1.38	1.13–1.69^a	1.37	1.07–1.75^a	1.07	0.94–1.21	1.00	0.85–1.18	1.17	0.97–1.40
Thyroid	2.182	1.978–2.41^a	2.74	2.24–3.36^a	2.04	1.82–2.29^a	1.30	1.23–1.37^a	1.54	1.38–1.72^a	1.24	1.16–1.32^a	1.03	0.99–1.07	1.19	1.11–1.28^a	0.98	0.94–1.02
Prostate	1.527	1.44–1.63^a	1.53	1.44–1.63^a	-	-	1.09	1.06–1.13^a	1.09	1.06–1.13^a	-	-	1.09	1.06–1.11^a	1.09	1.06–1.11^a	-	-
Breast	1.51	1.32–1.72^a	-	-	1.51	1.32–1.72^a	0.98	0.92–1.06	-	-	0.98	0.92–1.06	1.04	0.99–1.10	-	-	1.04	0.99–1.10
Cervical	1.90	1.62–2.24^a	-	-	1.90	1.62–2.24^a	0.85	0.77–0.94	-	-	0.85	0.77–0.94	1.06	0.98–1.15	-	-	1.06	0.98–1.15
Endometrial	2.05	1.49–2.81^a	-	-	2.05	1.49–2.81^a	1.48	1.26–1.75^a	-	-	1.48	1.26–1.75^a	1.15	1.01–1.32^a	-	-	1.15	1.01–1.32^a
Ovary	1.44	1.20–1.73^a	-	-	1.44	1.20–1.73^a	1.04	0.94–1.15	-	-	1.04	0.94–1.15	0.95	0.88–1.03	-	-	0.95	0.88–1.03

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Significantly increased compared to non-diabetic group (p < 0.05).

Significantly decreased compared to non-diabetic group (p < 0.05).