Table 1.
List of QTL cloning and fine mapping studies reported during the pre-NGS and post-NGS era
Crop | Study | Trait | Primary mappinga | Fine mapping | Population Size | Markers usedb | Refined Size | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-NGS | ||||||||
Arabidopsis | QTL cloning | Flowering (FRI and FIC) | M2 lines | Test cross lines | 4500 | SSR | 15 kb | Michaels and Amasino (1999) |
QTL cloning | Ascorbate biosynthesis (VTC2) | F2 | F2 | 3700 | InDel | 20 kb | Jander et al. (2002) | |
Rice | QTL cloning | Grain width and weight (GW2) | F2 | BC3F2 | 6013 | RFLP | 82 kb | Song et al. (2007) |
QTL cloning | Grain number | BIL | NIL + × NIL − _F2 | 13,000 | SNP | 63 kb | Ashikari et al. (2005) | |
QTL cloning | Heading date | RIL | RIL + × P1_BC2F2 | 8400 | SSR | 2 Mb | Xue et al. (2008) | |
QTL cloning | Grain weight | F2 | BC2F2 | 674 | STS | 122 kb | Guo et al. (2009) | |
QTL cloning | Heading date (Hd1) | F2 | BC3F3 | > 9000 | RFLP, CAPS | 71 kb | Yano et al. (2000) | |
QTL cloning | Submergence (Sub1A) | F3 | F2 | 2950 | AFLP | 182 kb | Xu et al. (2006) | |
QTL cloning | Photoperiodic flowering (Ehd1) | BC2F1 | NILs (BC6F2) | >2500 | RFLP, CAPS | 115 kb | Doi et al. (2004) | |
QTL cloning | Seed hull color | CSSL | F2 (NIL) | 3276 | SSR, SNP | 88 kb | Zhu et al. (2011) | |
QTL cloning | Rooting depth | RIL | NIL (BC3F2) | 4560 | SSR | 60 kb | Uga et al. (2013) | |
QTL cloning | Grain weight (OsglHAT1) | BIL | F3 (NIL) | 3012 | SNP | 12 kb | Song et al. (2015) | |
Fine mapping | Photoperiod sensitivity | BCF4F2 | BC3F3/BC4F3 | 2807 | CAPS | 264 kb | Takahashi et al. (2001) | |
Fine mapping | Stele transversal area | F3 | BC2F1 to BC2F4 | 8–160 | InDel | 359 kb | Uga et al. (2011) | |
Maize | QTL cloning | Plant architecture (tb1) | F2 | F1 and F2 | 26,000 and 42 | RFLP | 15 kb | Doebley et al. (1997) |
QTL cloning | Leaf angle (ZmCLA4) | F3 | BC5F2 (BC3F1 to BC5F2) | 10,628 | SSR | 48 kb | Zhang et al. (2014) | |
QTL cloning | Glume architecture (Tga1) | F2 | F2 | 3106 | SNP | 1042 bp | Wang et al. (2005) | |
QTL cloning | Flowering time (vgt1) | NIL | F2 (NIL) | 4526 | AFLP, CAPS, ASPCR | 2 kb | Salvi et al. (2007) | |
Fine mapping | Maize streak virus resistance | F3 | F2 | 4725 | SNP | 762 Mb | Nair et al. (2015) | |
Fine mapping | Rough dwarf resistance (qMrdd1) | HIF | BC1F3 | 2685 | SSR, SNP | 12 Mb | Tao et al. (2013) | |
QTL cloning | Root initiation (RTCS) | F2 | F2 | 2000 | SSR, CAPS | 735 bp | Taramino et al. (2007) | |
Wheat | QTL cloning | Dormancy | MAGIC | HIF, NIL | 5 NIL sets | SNP | 3 genes | Barrero et al. (2015) |
Fine mapping | Grain weight | BC2F3 | BC4F2, BC4F3 | 118 and 264 | SSR | 76 cM | Roder et al. (2008) | |
Barley | Fine mapping | Frost resistance | DH | F2 | 1849 | RFLP, SNP, CAPS | 0.81 cM | Francia et al. (2007) |
Fine mapping | Grain Threshability | BC2DH | BC4F2 | 7000 | SSR, SNP | 43 cM | Schmalenbach et al. (2011) | |
QTL cloning | Boron tolerance (Bot1) | DH lines | F3 | 6720 | CAPS | 0.05 cM | Sutton et al. (2007) | |
Soybean | Fine mapping | Seed number and leaflet shape | BC3F2 | BC3F3 | 4635 | SSR | 66 kb | Jeong et al. (2012) |
Tomato | QTL cloning | Fruit weight (fw22) | F2 | F2 | 3472 | RFLP, RAPD, CAPS | 663 bp | Frary et al. (2000) |
QTL cloning | Sugar content (brix9-2-5) | NIL | F2 | 7000 | RFLP, RAPD, CAPS | 484 bp | Fridman et al. (2000) | |
QTL cloning | Locule number (lc) | F2 | F2 | 9456 | SNP, CAPS | 1608 bp | Munos et al. (2011) | |
Fine mapping | Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance | F3 | F4 | 11,000 | SSR | 491 kb | Yang et al. (2014) | |
Fine mapping | Fruit mass and Brix | IL | IL | 50 | RFLP | 32 and 12 cM | Eshed and Zamir (1995) | |
Fine mapping | Sugar content | IL | F2 (NIL) | 7000 | RFLP, SNP | 484 bp | Fridman et al. (2000) | |
Fine mapping | Fruit mass | IL | NIL | 3472 | RFLP, RAPD | 150 kb | Alpert and Tanksley (1996) | |
Post-NGS | ||||||||
Arabidopsis | Fine mapping | Flowering time | F2 | NA | 192 | GBS-SNP | 9 kb | Rowan et al. (2015) |
Fine mapping | Rosette leaf number (recq4a) | F2 | NA | 192 | GBS-SNP | 269 kb | Rowan et al. (2015) | |
Rice | Fine mapping | Leaf width, aluminum tolerance | RIL | NA | 176 | GBS-SNP | < 2 Mb | Spindel et al. (2013) |
Fine mapping | Plant height | RIL | NA | 150 | WGRS-SNP | 100 kb | Huang et al. (2009) | |
Fine mapping | Tillering and panicle branching | F2 | NA | 1642 | SSR, SNP | 63 kb | Yu et al. (2017) | |
Fine mapping | Brown planthopper (BPH31) | F2 | NA | 27 | InDel | 475 kb | Prahalada et al. (2017) | |
Fine mapping | Grain weight, grain length, grain width | BIL | NA | 185 | GBS-SNP | 32–363 kb | Bhatia et al. (2018) | |
Maize | Fine mapping | Tassel and ear architecture | F2 | NA | 708 | GBS-SNP | 08–566 Mb | Chen et al. (2014) |
Wheat | Fine mapping | Grain protein content (GPC-B1) | RSL | F3 | 28 | SNP | 0.45 cM | Trick et al. (2012) |
Fine mapping | Powdery mildew (PmTm4) resistance | F2 | NA | 1499 | SNP | 066 cM | Xie et al. (2017) | |
Barley | Fine mapping | Awn length | HIF | NA | 927 | SNP | < 0.9 cM | Liller et al. (2017) |
Sorghum | Fine mapping | Grain weight | F2 | F3 | 307 | SSR | 101 kb | Han et al. (2015) |
Fine mapping | Seed dormancy | F2 | F3 | 80 | SSR | 96 kb | Li et al. (2016a) | |
Common bean | Fine mapping | Angular leaf spot resistance (ALS41GS,UC) | F4, Backcross lines | NA | 180 | SSR, SNP | 418 kb | Keller et al. (2015) |
Chickpea | Fine mapping | Ascochyta blight | RIL bulks | NA | 20 | QTL-Seq SNP | 15–64 Mb | Deokar et al. (2019) |
Soybean | Fine mapping | Phytophthora resistance | F2 | F3 | 826 | SSR, CAPS, SNP | 36 kb, 151 kb | Li et al. (2016b) |
Fine mapping | Root knot nematode resistance | RIL | NA | 246 | WGRS-SNP | 297 kb | Xu et al. (2013) | |
Tomato | Fine mapping | Fruit shape (fs81) | Backcross lines | NA | 3 | SNP, dCAPS | 303 Mb | Sun et al. (2015) |
aAbbreviations for primary population used: CSSLs chromosome segment substitution lines, HIFs heterogenous inbred families, RSLs recombinant substitution lines, MAGIC multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross, DH double haploid, BILs backcross inbred lines, NIL near-isogenic line, RIL recombinant inbred line, IL introgression line
bAbbreviations for markers used: RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism, RAPD random amplified polymorphic DNA, AFLP amplified fragment length polymorphism, SSR simple sequence repeat, STS sequence-tagged site, SNP single-nucleotide polymorphism, CAPS cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence, dCAPS derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences, InDel insertion and deletion, ASPCR allele-specific polymorphic chain reaction, GBS-SNP SNPs derived from genotyping by sequencing, WGRS-SNP whole-genome resequencing, QTL-Seq QTL-Seq analysis